Greenhouses, plants and mites introduction to acari methods and techniques spider mites false spider mites tarsonemid mites eriophyoid mites acarid mites.

Mites of Greenhouses: Identification, Biology and Control

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews methods for preparing and preserving eriophyoid mites. Most widely-used mounting media by acarologists are water-based Hoyer's or Berlese media, using gum acacia and chloral hydrate. The resulting slides are rarely permanent and many type specimens are unsatisfactory for study. Eriophyoid mites, mounted on microscope slides, must be adequately cleared of body contents to allow proper study. Thus, special clearing techniques must be employed to prepare satisfactory slides. Keifer recommended the use of iodine in media to stain cuticular structures of eriophyoids. He later recommended a substitute for gum arabic in media—benzophenone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA)—which resulted in more permanent slides. A researcher must work carefully when collecting or preparing eriophyoids because it is extremely easy to lose the mites when clearing and mounting. The equipments necessary for serious work with these tiny creatures include dissecting microscope, phase-contrast optical microscope, minuten probes, stout probes, eyelash tool, clearing media and mounting media, and Millipore funnel apparatus.

1.6.3 Preparation, mounting and descriptive study of eriophyoid mites

Tracking environmental change using lake sediments. Volume 4: Zoological indicators.

Water mites of the genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) in the western Palaearctic region: a revision

This report describes L. infantum infection seroprevalence in dogs in Spain through data obtained from peer-reviewed literature and a cross-sectional serological survey assessing epidemiological and habitat variables as risk factors for infection. The study also provides preliminary sand fly species distribution data and indicates factors affecting their distribution and density. Three different studies were conducted in Spain: (i) a peer-reviewed literature seroprevalence survey (1985–2019); (ii) a cross-sectional serological survey (2011–2016); and (iii) a preliminary entomological survey (2013–2014). In the cross-sectional serological survey, 1739 dogs from 74 different locations including 25 Spanish provinces were tested for L. infantum by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) (antibody titre ≥ 1:100). Seroprevalence of L. infantum infection was analysed by province and bioclimatic zone. Statistics were used to analyse relationships between several dog- and environment-related variables and L. infantum seroprevalence. In parallel, during 2013–2014, sand flies were collected across the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands using CDC light traps to examine relationships between habitat-related factors and sand fly species densities (number of sand flies per trap per hour). The literature review revealed that the provinces showing the highest seroprevalence were Balearic Islands (57.1%), Ourense (35.6%), Malaga (34.6%) and Caceres (34.2%), and those showing the lowest seroprevalence were Vizcaya (0%), Cantabria (2.0%) and Alava (3.3%). In our survey, anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies were detected in 176 of the 1739 dogs rendering a seroprevalence of 10.12%. Percentage seroprevalence distributions significantly varied among bioclimatic belts. Seropositivity for L. infantum was related to size (large breed dogs versus small) and were significantly higher in younger dogs (≤ 1 years-old). In the entomological survey, 676 sand flies of five species were captured: 562 (83.13%) Phlebotomus perniciosus; 64 (9.47%) Sergentomyia minuta; 38 (5.62%) P. ariasi: 6 (0.89%) P. sergenti; and 6 (0.89%) P. papatasi. Phlebotomus perniciosus showed a greater density in the thermo-Mediterranean than in the meso-Mediterranean zone. Densities of S. minuta and P. ariasi were significantly higher in rural habitats. This updated seroprevalence map of L. infantum infection in dogs in Spain defines non-endemic, hypoendemic, endemic and hyperendemic areas, and confirms P. perniciosus as the most abundant sand fly vector in Spain.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13071-020-04081-7.pdf

Latest trends in Leishmania infantum infection in dogs in Spain, Part I: mapped seroprevalence and sand fly distributions.

An account is given of the development of aqueous gum-chloral mounting media used for mounting small arthropods on microscope slides. Berlese’s fluid is shown to have never been used by Berlese and other formulae are shown to have been randomly attributed to various authors, often incorrectly. Erroneous formulae and modifications to formulae have been followed by subsequent workers without reference to their origin. Details of the five formulae currently recommended in the literature are given and serious problems are shown to have been encountered with all of them by many workers. In many collections throughout the world gum-chloral slides are steadily deteriorating and specimens becoming irretrievably lost. Those workers advocating the use of gum-chloral aqueous media continue to propose alternative techniques in an attempt to overcome the problems they admit still occur. It is recommended that these media be used only for temporary mounts and never for specimens of taxonomic significance.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007485300034763

Aqueous gum-chloral slide mounting media: an historical review

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Aqueous gum-chloral slide mounting media: an historical review