Some of the major health challenges that the Government of India (GOI) is addressing include the interlinked issues of poor maternal nutrition, low birth weight, and high child morbidity and mortality. Poor infant and young child feeding practices coupled with high rates of infection are the proximate causes of malnutrition in the first two years of life, and malnutrition is an underlying cause for up to 50 percent of all under-five deaths. 1

A study on knowledge of anganwadi workers about integrated child development services at three urban health centers

Background: The anganwadi worker (AWW) is the backbone of integrated child development services (ICDS) for delivering the services of the program. Being a key functionary, her level of knowledge regarding various components of ICDS is linked to the ultimate outcome of the ICDS program. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge among AWW regarding services of ICDS.Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which level of knowledge regarding ICDS among anganwadi worker was assessed using structured questionnaire. The primary outcome of the study is the knowledge of AWW about ICDS component services. Descriptive statistics was presented as frequency and percentage for categorical variable. The knowledge of AWW was assessed by knowledge score made under all the themes of the questionnaire and was presented as mean and median score. Analysis was done in STATA version 14.2.Results: Nearly 55% of the respondents were not aware about ICDS services. Whereas majority had knowledge on growth monitoring and immunization respectively, above the median score, only 39% of AWW had knowledge on nutritional supplementation above median score. The variables such as education level and training of AWW showed significant association with the knowledge of ICDS components.Conclusions: There is need for improving knowledge and awareness about various ICDS components and the training quality provided to AWWs.

Knowledge of anganwadi workers about integrated child development services: a study in Sitamarhi district of Bihar, India

Background: The Mother and Child Protection card (MCP card) is used for tracking of each child right from conception till 3 years of age by community health workers. It is a rich source of information for HCPs about mother and child health. A well-versed health care provider (HCP) can deliver the services efficiently to the beneficiaries. Objectives: To assess knowledge of HCPs about information provided in the MCP card. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the rural area of Valsad. Nineteen HCPS were interviewed on VHND sessions for their knowledge about health information provided in MCP card. Results: Mean age of HCPs was 38.11 years with mean 9.3 years of work experience. Of these 94.7% were providing the MCP card while registering the beneficiary. Around 78.9% knew growth chart, 68.4% knew vaccination information and nearly half were aware about the various government schemes. About 36.84% could mention five cleans of safe delivery at home. Conclusion: HCPs were aware about vaccination, antenatal care, growth chart but their knowledge about five cleans of home delivery and postnatal care needs to be improved.

https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2440_21

Mother and child protection card as a resource tool for health care providers on VHND sessions: Providers’ views in rural area of Valsad district in south Gujarat, India

Background: Nowadays, most studies have been intense on the Nutritional and health status of the beneficiaries of ICDS.It focuses less on assessing the knowledge and attentiveness among Anganwadi workers regarding the recommended ICDS programme, who are the foremost resource persons.Methods: First, we were focused on the block kallal for the pilot study.This study assessed the knowledge of Anganwadi workers in the Kallal block in the Sivagangai District.Results: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 1500 Anganwadi workers in health centres in 12 blocks of Sivagangai District.For the Anganwadi worker's knowledge assessment, a scoring system was developed.Each Anganwadi worker has the knowledge assessment score form calculated based on the response to a questionnaire containing 90 questions.Conclusion: One of the ignored characteristics among ICDS staff was knowledge quality.ICDS employees are the essential individuals who will promote excellent practice in ICDS-related services to improve mothers' and children's health and nutritional status; thus, they should be prepared with improved knowledge through a regular and quality training plan. 

Impact of Assessment on Nutrition knowledge among ICDS workers in Sivagangai District

Background: The waste produced in healthcare activities carries a high potential for infection and injury than any other type of waste. Inadequate knowledge of biomedical waste (BMW) management can lead to serious health consequences and an adverse impact on environment. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of BMW management among healthcare workers of government T. D. medical college, Alappuzha. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among staff and students of government T. D. medical college, Alappuzha. Stratified sampling was done and data was collected using semi structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The majority of faculty and nurses had good knowledge about segregation of waste into yellow and red coded bags. Nurses, students and residents had good knowledge about waste disposal into white coded containers whereas into blue coded containers was seen in lesser proportion among all categories of health care workers. All the nurses and majority of the faculty had corrected attitude towards BMW management. Assessment of practice revealed that 50% of the nurses practiced proper BMW management and the proportion was much lower among all other categories of health care workers. Conclusions: Knowledge about infectious plastic waste and sharp waste disposal was low among students and faculty respectively. Knowledge about metallic and glassware disposal was low among all categories of health care workers. Attitude towards BMW management was low among students and residents and its practice was inadequate among all categories of health care workers. 

Biomedical waste management: assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice among health care workers

Background: The economic impact of non-communicable diseases in the states of India is expected to differ because of variable disease burden as well as varying socio-economic conditions and health system inequalities. There is paucity of studies on the economic implications in those states of India which have high prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Thus, this study aims to estimate the economic burden in the state of Punjab which one of the states of India with high prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Method: Unit level data from household survey data of 71 round of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) of India was used. Data was analyzed to estimate the out of pocket expenditure, share of such expenditure in total household consumption expenditure and the financial strategies used to cope up with such expenditure. All the analysis was performed using STATA 13.1. Results: Our results indicate that the state of Punjab incurred high out of pocket expenditure than all India levels for management of non-communicable diseases. Also per capita monthly out of pocket expenditure is high and the share of out of pocket expenditure in total household consumption expenditure is highest for the poorest quintiles. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that because of high out of pocket expenditures which are incurred for care of non-communicable diseases, the state of Punjab faces huge economic burden.

https://premierpublishers.org/ijpher/171020193735.pdf

Out of Pocket Expenditure on Non-Communicable Diseases among Households: Evidence from a State of India

Background: Bio-medical waste (BMW) means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities or in the production or testing of biological or in any health camp activities. Proper management of BMW ensures protection of public health and environment against any adverse effect associated with such waste materials. Several studies have reported that health care workers lack adequate level of awareness and right attitude regarding proper BMW management which ultimately reflects as incorrect practice of handling and disposal of bio medical waste. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare workers regarding bio-medical waste management. Methods: This study was conducted at Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (TRIHMS), Arunachal Pradesh, India. Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted and questionnaire were administered to 313 healthcare workers of TRIHMS who consented to participate in the study. A predesigned questionnaire for knowledge, attitude and practice study was used for data collection. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and STATA 13. Results: Study results show that the average knowledge score was highest amongst nurses (10±2.6) and least in class IV staffs (7.2±1.9).  Amongst all participants laboratory technicians were mostly average or poor on the attitude score. Overall only 23 percent (n=73) of the healthcare workers were found to be performing good BMW management practice. Conclusions: Our study revealed that there is significant variation in knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding biomedical waste management among healthcare workers.

/pdf/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-biomedical-waste-4ixll9e2yi.pdf

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding biomedical waste management amongst healthcare workers in a teaching hospital from a north eastern state of India

Malaria is endemic in several tribal-dominated districts in India. Partnering and educating the tribal communities are key to malaria elimination efforts. A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) study was undertaken at Kandhamal, a tribal dominated malaria endemic district in the state of Odisha, to assess the gaps in malaria awareness in this community for focused public health interventions. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on malaria in the tribal-dominated regions of Kandhamal district, Odisha. A descriptive KAP survey was carried out in the Kandhamal district at the household level. Three hundred households/respondents from 6 blocks distributed in 44 villages were selected through convenient sampling. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (version 24), and ArcGIS software was used for GIS mapping. The respondents had good knowledge on the major malaria symptoms. Witchcraft, contaminated food/water, and contact with a malaria case were thought to transmit malaria by 5.3%, 14.3%, and 9.7% of respondents, respectively, and these clusters have been mapped by GIS. Logistic regression identified reduced level of education and open source of water supply to have a strong association with the misconceptions regarding malaria among the respondents. Knowledge and attitude regarding malaria were found to be associated with residence in a hilly area and an open source of water supply, respectively. Overall, the participants in Kandhamal had good KAP on malaria. The clusters with poor knowledge could be the target of focused public health interventions.

A knowledge, attitude and practices study on malaria in Kandhamal district, Odisha

Background: Physical inactivity has been identified as one of the leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Several studies have established the fact that shift working is associated with various non communicable diseases. Studies assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice towards physical activity amongst shift workers is almost non-existence even though it has been established that mediators like knowledge and attitude affect healthy behaviour and adoption of health improving behaviour. Thus this study aims to assess the knowledge-attitude-practice of physical activity among shift workers in Gurugram city which is the centre of various BPO/KPO companies in India.Methods: The present study is an organization based cross sectional study. Interviewer administered questionnaire were used to capture information on physical activity. Information on knowledge and attitude was collected using a piloted and pretested questionnaire. Practice of physical activity was collected using global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Descriptive and linear regression analyses were performed using Ms-Excel and STATA (13).Results: Our study found that nearly fifty percent of the study participants were physically inactive and only 18% of the study participants knew recommended minimum weekly intensity of physical activity. Physical activity was found to be significantly associated with overall knowledge score (p<0.01).Conclusions: Knowledge regarding physical activity among the study participants was not adequate as reflected in their physical activity practice, hence knowledge and awareness towards physical activity should be enhanced to prevent non communicable diseases amongst the shift workers.

/pdf/a-study-on-physical-activity-in-shift-workers-in-an-urban-4cin4ys3sw.pdf

A study on physical activity in shift workers in an urban city of India

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