Les maladies tropicales negligees sont un ensemble de 17 maladies infectieuses repertoriees par l’organisation mondiale de la sante (OMS) qui touchent les pays pauvres. Elles sont dites negligees car elles n’interessent par les laboratoires pharmaceutiques pour lesquels le marche n’est pas porteur, et les pays riches s’en preoccupent peu car ils les connaissent mal. Neanmoins, sous la pression de l’OMS, de certains etats et d’organisations non gouvernementales telles que medecins sans frontieres, des partenariats public-prive commencent a se nouer afin de lutter contre ces pathologies. La mise en place du Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) a ainsi pour but de developper de nouveaux medicaments permettant d’eradiquer ces maladies, et les mesures preventives peuvent freiner voire interrompre leur transmission.

https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01485672/document

La lutte contre les maladies tropicales négligées

Les mollusques de la famille de Lymnaeidae sont des hotes intermediaires dans le cycle biologique de Fasciola hepatica, qui est un agent biologique de la distomatose hepatique (fasciolose), une maladie parasitaire d’importance medicale tant pour l’homme que pour les betails. Une enquete malacologique intensive a ete realisee entre la periode de 2012 – 2014 dans le but de determiner la distribution des mollusques de la famille de Lymnaidae, qui pourraientt etre des hotes intermediaires de Fasciola hepatica dans la region de Katana en Republique Democratique du Congo. Deux especes ont ete recoltees durant l’enquete : Lymnaea natalensis et Lymnaea columella. La plus commune de ces especes est Lymnaea natalensis qui se trouve dans 27 sur les 29 sites prospectes. Cette espece a une large distribution dans la region de Katana en Republique Democratique du Congo et a ete retrouvee depuis le niveau du lac a 1460 m d’altitude jusqu'a 1800 m d’altitude a Tshibati. La seconde espece Lymnaea columella a ete recoltee dans seulement six sites entre 1600 m et 1700 m d’altitude. L’ecologie de ces deux especes est discutee dans ce travail. Du pont de vu parasitologique, quatre cercariae ont ete identifies dans le mollusque Lymnaea natalensis recoltes dans les differents sites d’echantillonnage. Ces especes de cercariae sont Cercaria granulata, Fasciola gigantoca, Cercaria sigmoida, Cercaria berghei  and Cercaria rodhaini. Lymnaea natalensis a ete infeste de Cercaria granulate responsable de fasciolose.

Distribution de Lymnaea natalensis (Mollusca : Pulmonata) mollusque hôte intermédiaire de la Fasciolose hepatica dans la région de Katana

Schistosomiasis or bilharziasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma, five of which are pathogenic to humans in tropical regions and the Democratic Republic of Congo is not excluded. A survey was carried out on 346 people in the Katana Health Zone in the period June to September 2015 to assess the population's knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to intestinal schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni. A questionnaire was administered to the population of the Katana region in the Katana Health Zone. The results of the survey show that the population of the Katana Health Zone has a relatively low level of education; despite being aware of the disease, it is unaware of the mode of transmission, its vector and the means of control. The population perceives the disease as poisoning, especially with regard to its complicated form (p = 0.000). This lack of knowledge led to the endemicity of schistosomiasis with high morbimortality in the Katana Health Zone (χ2 = 46.1646, p = 0.0008). Two therapeutic approaches are used by the population: traditional treatment and medical treatment. Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in the Katana Health Zone and need a special attention by health facilities and supervision by training of community relays that will pass on this training to all the population in risk.

Attitudes, knowledge and practices in Schistosomiasis among the population of the Health Zone of Katana, South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Seasonal climate variability is a reality in Eastern DR Congo. Malaria is also a serious public health and socio-economic problem in this country in general and in the Katana Health Zone in particular. A retrospective documentary study was carried out between the period 2004 and 2013. This work aims to determine the impact of seasonal climate variability on malaria prevalence; to determine the factors influencing the prevalence of malaria and the most vulnerable age group of this pathology in the Katana Health Zone. All cases of simple and severe malaria have been collected from Health Information System (SNIS) data base of all health facilities in the Health Zone for the last ten years. Climate data (temperature and rainfall) were collected at the climatological station of the Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN/Lwiro) for the same decade. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of malaria varies from year to year and evolved in serrated with a higher peak in 2005, slightly in 2006 during the last three years of the study. Children under 5 years of age and pregnant women are the most vulnerable age group of malaria in these health facilities. The population of the Katana Health Zone suffers from malaria in both seasons but much more during the rainy season. The relationship between malaria prevalence and precipitation is no significant (p>0.05), and is positively significant between malaria prevalence and temperature (p<0.01). The raison is discuss in this paper.

Seasonal climate variability and their impact on malaria prevalence in the health zone of Katana (DR Congo) from 2004 to 2013

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Attitudes, knowledge and practices in Schistosomiasis among the population of the Health Zone of Katana, South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Seasonal climate variability and their impact on malaria prevalence in the health zone of Katana (DR Congo) from 2004 to 2013