Failure of collapsing walls is an important process affecting the development of Benggang and is closely related to the soil shear strength. Plant roots can increase the soil shear strength. However, the effects and mechanisms of root reinforcement on the soil shear strength of collapsing walls remain unclear. To explore the shear strength characteristics of collapsing walls and their influencing factors under different vegetation conditions, Pennisetum sinese, Dicranopteris dichotoma, Odontosoria chinensis, and Neyraudia reynaudiana were adopted as experimental objects in the Benggang district of Anxi County, Southeast China. We measured the root characteristics and in situ shear strength of root–soil complexes by dividing soil with the four vegetation conditions into five soil layers: 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–15 cm, 15–20 cm, and 20–25 cm. The average shear strength of the root–soil complexes of the various plants ranked as follows: Pennisetum sinese (30.95 kPa) > Odontosoria chinensis (28.08 kPa) > Dicranopteris dichotoma (21.24 kPa) > Neyraudia reynaudiana (14.99 kPa) > bare soil (11.93 kPa). The enhancement effect of the root system on the soil shear strength was mainly manifested in the 0–5 cm soil surface layer. The soil shear strength attained an extremely significant positive correlation with the root length density, root surface area density, root volume density, root biomass density, for root diameters (L) less than or equal to 0.5 mm and between 0.5 and 1 mm, the soil shear strength could be simulated by using root volume density. The shear strength of undisturbed root–soil complexes measured with a 14.10 pocket vane tester was higher than the value obtained with the Wu–Waldron model (WWM). The correction coefficient k′ varied between 0.20 and 20.25, mostly exceeding 1, and the average correction coefficient k′ value was 4.94. The average correction coefficient determined in this test can be considered to modify the WWM model when conducting experiments under similar conditions.

/pdf/effects-of-herbaceous-plant-roots-on-the-soil-shear-strength-2g1a7qq7.pdf

Effects of Herbaceous Plant Roots on the Soil Shear Strength of the Collapsing Walls of Benggang in Southeast China

Aims: The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of humic acid, applied at different concentrations and time intervals, on the vegetative and flowering characters of Zinnia elegans. 
Study Design: The experiment was designed as a complete randomized design with three replications and a total of nine treatments. 
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. The study was carried out over a specific duration in 2022. 
Methodology: The study was conducted in a shaded area, where Zinnia elegans plants were subjected to foliar spraying of humic acid at three different concentrations (2.5, 3.5, and 5.0 mL/L) and at different intervals (10, 30 and 10 and 30 days both after transplanting) after transplanting. Various aspects of plant growth, including plant height, leaf area, root length, branching, and flowering parameters such as days to flower, blooming period, flower size, and number of flowers per plant were observed. 
Results: The results showed that foliar application of humic acid at a concentration of 3.5 mL/L in 10 and 30 days after planting significantly increased plant height, leaf area, root length, branching, flower size, and number of flowers per plant. Plants treated with 3.5 mL/L of humic acid exhibited the highest values for these parameters compared to other treatments and the control (water spary). The days taken to flower were also reduced in plants treated with higher concentrations of humic acid. 
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that foliar application of humic acid, particularly at a concentration of 3.5 mL/L in 10 and 30 days after planting, positively influenced the vegetative and flowering dimensions of Zinnia elegans.

/pdf/effects-of-varying-doses-and-timing-of-humic-acid-1tidgf26.pdf

Effects of Varying Doses and Timing of Humic Acid Application on Growth and Flowering of Zinnia elegans

Influence of Tea Plant Roots for Soil Slope Strengthening: Case Studies and Numerical Investigation

Livestock, and the harmonious relationship between humans/communities and the natural surroundings. This paper examines several local pearls of wisdom related to disaster mitigation in the lives of the people of West Java. Mitigation can build a culture of reaction to a culture of prevention, or from acting after the incident to acting before the incident. The study becomes interesting by searching for local wisdom of disaster mitigation still growing in the community. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that describes the research subject in the field. Part of the data was obtained by observation before the COVID-19 pandemic and partly from the documentation. Furthermore, it is analyzed through data reduction, verification, and presentation. The results showed that the traditional village communities in West Java, such as Kampung Adat Naga, Kampung Adat Ciptagelar, Kampung Adat Cireundeu, Kampung Adat Polo , and Kampung Adat Kuta , have local wisdom in disaster mitigation which is implemented in the construction of houses, prohibition forests, prohibition of raising animals. The local wisdom of disaster mitigation is reinforced by myths with magical nuances that have strong potential in protecting the surrounding natural environment. Local wisdom can be a form of indirect awareness and has meaning in dealing with disaster threats to reduce disaster risk.

Study of Local Wisdom Based on Disaster Mitigation in the Community of Traditional Villages in West Java as Materials in History Learning

This paper describes an investigation of sandy soil reinforced with vetiver (Vetiver zizanoides) root. Vetiver roots were chosen because of root morphology and root system. Consolidated drained (CD...

Effect of vetiver root on triaxial shear strength of a cohesionless soil

Roots played important role in the process of stabilizing the soil mass. The geo-mechanical and soil-hydrological aspects on the slope are determined by, one of it, the root reinforcement. The role of root branching series with diameter differentiation is greatly determining its tensile stress. The tensile stress from the interaction between the root and the soil, could it contribute to increasing the shear strength of the slope stability. The purpose of this research was to identify the tensile stress on root branching series that interacted with the soil and created additional cohesion as a shear strength contribution to the slope stability. Testing on the root pulling force was conducted on slope prototype with angle 30 o to 40 o and has been planted with tea vegetation. A tripod that was completed with strain gauge as the recording instrument was used. Testing was conducted on two and three root branching, also on each unit by observing the diameter. This testing method was done in saturated soil condition. The tensile stress result showed that increasing diameter of the tea root, an increase was noticed, and also result in the equation of TFr = 0.089 e0.516d . Root diameter increase on two and three root branching to one unit of tea vegetation showed that the stress increase was significant. When observed, in the root diameter differentiation of 4 mm to 6 mm, the stress on two and three root branching and one unit of tea vegetation were respectively 5.94%, 12.30%, and 35.42%. The contribution of additional cohesion caused by root-soil interaction to soil shear strength apparently could increase slope stability.

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jcef/article/download/30218/19453

Contribution of Tea Root Reinforcement to Soil Shear Strength on Slope Stability

Continuous heavy rain on the slopes and some large tree roots that do not penetrate the slip surface can lead to progressive failure of landslide slopes. This is due to the large trees located at the top and the middle of the landslide area can reduce the stability of the slope. Various factors such as mechanics and hydrology in determining slope stability need to be considered. The phenomenon and mechanism of bamboo tree factors that lie below the slopes as the focus of research on root tensile strength of root-soil interacting. This study aims to determine the pull force and tensile strength due to root-soil interaction to the contribution of shear strength in the lower slopes. Field testing uses the root pull method by observing the diameter and number of roots. The test was performed with a tripod device equipped with strain gauge as a recording instrument on saturated soil conditions. The soil samples were taken from the study site to test the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The result of the test shows that the soil type at the research location is inorganic silt. The results showed that the root pull force increased significantly against the increase in the number and diameter of the roots. In contrast, the tensile strength of roots in any land area decreases with increasing number of roots. Based on the graph shows that the number of roots more than five began not significant to tensile strength. Apparently, bamboo roots are dense and spread below the slopes, then the tensile strength of the roots that interact with the soil begins to stabilize. The tensile strength of the bamboo root results in additional cohesion values Keywords : root tensile strength, cohesion addition, soil shear strength Abstrak : Hujan lebat yang berkelanjutan pada lereng dan sebagian akar-akar pohon besar yang tidak menembus bidang longsor ( slip surface ) dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kegagalan progresif terhadap longsoran lereng tanah. Hal ini, disebabkan karena pohon besar yang terletak di bagian atas dan tengah bidang longsor dapat mengurangi stabilitas lereng. Berbagai faktor  seperti mekanika dan hidrologi dalam menentukan stabilitas lereng perlu dipertimbangkan. Fenomena dan mekanisme faktor pohon bambu yang berada di bawah lereng sebagai fokus penelitian mengenai kekuatan tarik akar yang berinteraksi akar-tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan gaya cabut dan kekuatan tarik akibat interaksi akar-tanah terhadap kontribusi kuat geser di lereng bagian bawah. Pengujian di lapangan menggunakan metode gaya cabut akar dengan mengamati variabel diameter dan jumlah akar. Pengujian dilakukan dengan alat tripod yang dilengkapi strain gauge sebagai instrumen pencatat pada kondisi tanah jenuh. Sampel tanah diambil dari lokasi penelitian untuk dilakukan pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis tanah. Hasil penegujian menunjukan bahwa jenis tanah pada lokasi penelitian adalah lanau anorganik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa  gaya cabut akar meningkat sangat signifikan terhadap pertambahan jumlah dan diameter akar. Sebaliknya, kekuatan tarik akar dalam setiap luasan tanah menurun seiring bertambah jumlah akar. Berdasarkan grafik menunjukan bahwa jumlah akar lebih dari lima mulai tidak signifikan terhadap kekuatan tarik. Ternyata, perakaran bambu yang padat dan penyebaran di bawah lereng, maka kekuatan tarik akar yang berinteraksi dengan tanah mulai stabil. Kekuatan tarik akar bambu menghasilkan nilai kohesi tambahan kepada kuat geser akibat interaksi dengan tanah terhadap stabilitas di bawah lereng. Kata kunci : kekuatan tarik akar, kohesi tambahan, kuat geser tanah

/pdf/pengaruh-kekuatan-tarik-akar-bambu-pada-kontribusi-kuat-4ed8no8t0t.pdf

Pengaruh kekuatan tarik akar bambu pada kontribusi kuat geser tanah terhadap stabilitas lereng

Red chili cultivation in dry land in an effort to increase production and productivity is constrained by the limited availability of water. The application of humic acid increases the ability of soils to retain restricted water and enhances plant growth and yield. This study aimed to investigate the response of red chili grown in dry land to the application of humic acid. Research place at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University. A Randomized Block Design with 5 replications was used in this study. The treated humic acid dose is 0 ton/ha, 2.5 ton/ha, 5 ton/ha, 7.5 ton/ha, and 10 ton/ha. Red chili gave a positive response to the application of humic acid by increasing plant height, number of branches, fruit number, and fruit weight. The dose of humic acid that gave the highest yield of 6.6 ton/ha was 5 ton/ha. This study was only able to provide a yield of 44.06% when compared to the potential yield of red chili.

Response of Red Chili (Capsicum anuuum L.) to Humic Acid Application in Dryland

The purpose of this study is to compare the concepts of Islamic education from the perspectives of KH. Hasyim Asy'ari and KH. Ahmad Dahlan. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature review. The collected data are analyzed descriptively. This study concludes that KH. Hasyim Asy'ari is known for his pesantren education model, which emphasizes the deepening of religious knowledge and character building, while KH. Ahmad Dahlan pioneered the integration of religious and general knowledge through the modern madrasah system. Pesantren and madrasah are two main educational models that complement each other in shaping a generation of Muslims who are knowledgeable, have good character, and are ready to face the challenges of the times. The integration of religious and general knowledge is the key to creating holistic Islamic education that is relevant to the needs of modern society. NU plays a role in preserving classical Islamic scholarly traditions through pesantren and madrasah diniyah, while Muhammadiyah develops modern education that adapts to the times without neglecting Islamic values. The educational concepts and practices proposed by these two figures have become important pillars in national development, making Islamic education in Indonesia adaptive, inclusive, and rooted in Islamic values. The contributions of NU and Muhammadiyah to contemporary Islamic education are highly significant in addressing the challenges of the times. By combining the strength of traditional scholarship with modern innovation, both organizations have created a holistic, adaptive model of Islamic education that is oriented toward Islamic values and 21st-century competencies. Their synergy must continue to be strengthened to shape a moderate, competitive Muslim generation ready to face the era of globalization.

Islamic education in two thought poles: an analysis of the ideas of kh. hasyim asy’ari and kh. ahmad dahlan

Background: Digital transformation in community-based vocational units remains uneven, particularly in agricultural practice settings where daily operations depend heavily on manual labor. Inefficiencies in attendance monitoring and the absence of real-time managerial data often hinder decision-making and limit empowerment opportunities for casual workers. These challenges motivated the implementation of a digital fingerprint attendance system supported by an integrated monitoring dashboard in the TEFA Integrated Agriculture Unit. 
Aims: The study aims to evaluate how the introduction of a digital attendance and monitoring system influences managerial efficiency while strengthening the foundation for community empowerment among daily workers engaged in agricultural activities. 
Methods: A mixed-method approach was adopted, integrating observational data, pre- and post-implementation attendance records, and structured interviews with supervisors and casual workers. Quantitative data captured punctuality trends, consistency of attendance, and time-based operational efficiency, while qualitative insights were used to interpret changes in worker engagement and perceptions of digital tools. 
Results: Findings indicate a substantial improvement in attendance accuracy, reduced reporting delays, and enhanced managerial oversight through real-time dashboard visualization. Supervisors reported greater clarity in workforce allocation, while workers experienced increased transparency regarding working hours. Although empowerment outcomes were not uniform across individuals, most participants acknowledged that the system encouraged discipline and fairness in workload recognition. 
Conclusion: The introduction of a digital fingerprint attendance system demonstrates meaningful progress toward strengthening managerial efficiency in community-based vocational units. More importantly, the intervention provides an early but significant foundation for community empowerment by fostering transparency, reinforcing equitable work practices, and promoting technological readiness among casual workers. The study suggests that digital tools, when integrated with ongoing capacity-building efforts, can evolve into broader empowerment mechanisms that improve not only administrative efficiency but also workers’ sense of participation, agency, and long-term inclusion in agricultural digitalization initiatives. Future replication in similar rural contexts is promising, provided that training, responsiveness to local needs, and sustained community engagement remain central

Enhancing Managerial Efficiency Through a Digital Fingerprint Attendance and Monitoring Dashboard: A Community Empowerment Initiative in the TEFA Integrated Agriculture Unit

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