Fast pyrolysis utilizes biomass to produce a product that is used both as an energy source and a feedstock for chemical production. Considerable efforts have been made to convert wood biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals since the oil crisis in mid-1970s. This review focuses on the recent developments in the wood pyrolysis and reports the characteristics of the resulting bio-oils, which are the main products of fast wood pyrolysis. Virtually any form of biomass can be considered for fast pyrolysis. Most work has been performed on wood, because of its consistency and comparability between tests. However, nearly 100 types of biomass have been tested, ranging from agricultural wastes such as straw, olive pits, and nut shells to energy crops such as miscanthus and sorghum. Forestry wastes such as bark and thinnings and other solid wastes, including sewage sludge and leather wastes, have also been studied. In this review, the main (although not exclusive) emphasis has been given to wood. The literature on woo...

Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review

The application of bio-char (charcoal or biomass-derived black carbon (C)) to soil is pro- posed as a novel approach to establish a significant, long-term, sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems. Apart from positive effects in both reducing emissions and increasing the sequestration of greenhouse gases, the production of bio-char and its application to soil will deliver im- mediate benefits through improved soil fertility and increased crop production. Conversion of biomass C to bio-char C leads to sequestration of about 50% of the initial C compared to the low amounts retained after burning (3%) and biological decomposition (<10-20% after 5-10 years), therefore yielding more stable soil C than burning or direct land application of biomass. This efficiency of C conversion of biomass to bio-char is highly dependent on the type of feedstock, but is not significantly affected by the pyrolysis temperature (within 350-500 ◦ C common for pyrolysis). Existing slash-and- burn systems cause significant degradation of soil and release of greenhouse gases and opportunies may exist to enhance this system by conversion to slash-and-char systems. Our global analysis revealed that up to 12% of the total anthropogenic C emissions by land use change (0.21 Pg C) can be off-set annually in soil, if slash-and-burn is replaced by slash-and-char. Agricultural and forestry wastes such as forest residues, mill residues, field crop residues, or urban wastes add a conservatively estimated 0.16 Pg C yr −1 . Biofuel production using modern biomass can produce a bio-char by-product through pyrolysis which results in 30.6 kg C sequestration for each GJ of energy produced. Using published projections of the use of renewable fuels in the year 2100, bio-char sequestration could amount to 5.5-9.5 Pg C yr −1 if this demand for energy was met through pyrolysis, which would exceed current emissions from fossil fuels (5.4 Pg C yr −1 ). Bio-char soil management systems can deliver tradable C emissions reduction, and C sequestered is easily accountable, and verifiable.

/pdf/bio-char-sequestration-in-terrestrial-ecosystems-a-review-11nd7n5wu0.pdf

Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems - a review

Biomass pyrolysis kinetics: A comparative critical review with relevant agricultural residue case studies

Characterization and prediction of biomass pyrolysis products

Main routes for the thermo-conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. Part 1: Pyrolysis systems

Fixed-bed pyrolysis liquid products of pine chips ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) have been identified for their structures. The solid and liquid products were analyzed to determine their elemental composition and calorific values. In particular, the liquid products were identified in detail to determine their composition and characteristics. Chemical fractionation of liquids showed that the oxygenated and polar fractions were dominant. The empirical formula of bio-oils obtained in a static pyrolysis atmosphere and in a nitrogen atmosphere are CH 1.32 O 0.54 N 0.0014 and CH 1.38 O 0.37 N 0.002 , respectively. The heating value of liquid varies from 23.1 MJ/kg to 25.4 MJ/kg in the range of 300 to 500°C pyrolysis temperature. The H/C and O/C molar ratios were 1.38 and 0.37, respectively.

Pyrolysis of Pine ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) Chips: 2. Structural Analysis of Bio-oil

Synthesis, characterization, and use of an amine-functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 for the removal of Congo Red from aqueous media

In this work, bark-free chips of Turkish red pine ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) were pyrolyzed in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor. The influence of final pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and pyroly...

Pyrolysis of Pine ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) Chips: 1. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Heating Rate on the Product Yields

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Pyrolysis of Pine ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) Chips: 2. Structural Analysis of Bio-oil

Synthesis, characterization, and use of an amine-functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 for the removal of Congo Red from aqueous media

Pyrolysis of Pine ( Pinus Brutia Ten.) Chips: 1. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Heating Rate on the Product Yields