Separation of platinum, palladium and rhodium from aqueous solutions using ion exchange resin: A review

Metal nanoparticles in ionic liquids: Synthesis and catalytic applications

Hydrometallurgical recovery of platinum-group metals from spent auto-catalysts – Focus on leaching and solvent extraction

Recent advances and prospects in electrochemical coupling technologies for metal recovery from water.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) nanomaterials offer a wide range of promising applications due to their unique properties, including open micro- and mesopores and richness of functionalization. Herein, a facile synthesis via a solvothermal method was successfully employed to prepare amine-functionalized Cu-MOF nanospheres. Moreover, the growth and the morphology of the nanospheres were optimized by the addition of PVP and TEA. By functionalization with an amine group, the immobilization of a bioreceptor towards the detection of hepatitis B infection biomarker, i.e., hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), could be realized. The immobilization of the bioreceptor/antibody to Cu-MOF nanospheres was achieved through a covalent interaction between the carboxyl group of the antibodies and the amino-functional ligand in Cu-MOF via EDC/NHS coupling. The amine-functionalized Cu-MOF nanospheres act not only as a nanocarrier for antibody immobilization, but also as an electroactive material to generate the electrochemical signal. The electrochemical sensing performance was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed that the current response proportionally decreased with the increase of HBsAg concentration. More importantly, the sensing performance of the amine-functionalized Cu-MOF nanospheres towards HBsAg detection was found to be consistent in real human serum media. This strategy successfully resulted in wide linear range detection of HBsAg from 1 ng mL-1 to 500 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 730 pg mL-1. Thus, our approach provides a facile and low-cost synthesis process of an electrochemical immunosensor and paves the way to potentially utilize MOF-based nanomaterials for clinical use.

Amine-functionalized Cu-MOF nanospheres towards label-free hepatitis B surface antigen electrochemical immunosensors

BACKGROUND
Thus far, separation and recovery of Pd(CN)42- and Pt(CN)42- from cyanide liquors have not been reported. In this study, the process of co-extracting and separating Pd(II) and Pt(II) over Fe(III), Cu(I), Co(III), and Ni(I) from alkaline cyanide liquors was investigated.

RESULTS
The results showed that almost all Pd(II) and Pt(II) (>98.0%) could be simultaneously extracted by phenoxyethyl dimethyl palmitylammonium bromide (PDPB), whereas Fe(III), Cu(I), Co(III), and Ni(I) was below 3.0% under optimum conditions. Furthermore, Pd(CN)42- and Pt(CN)42- were separated and recovered by the two-step stripping process. First, Pd(CN)42- in mixed organic phase was stripped by a 2.0 mol L−1 ammonium thiocyanate solution. The stripping percentage of Pd(CN)42- was >98%, whereas the stripped Pt(CN)42- was below 1%. Second, more than 97.5% Pt(CN)42- in the loaded organic phase could be stripped using 1.0 mol L−1 thiodiglycol solution. Recovery ratios for both Pd(II) and Pt(II) were above 95%. The organic phase could be reused for at least 6 cycles of extraction–stripping processes. The mechanisms of extraction reaction were deduced to be ion-association mechanisms.

CONCLUSION
The process could be applied for extracting and separating palladium and platinum from the cyanide leaching liquor of the flotation concentrate. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

Separation and recovery of Pd(II) and Pt(II) from cyanide liquors of Pd-Pt flotation concentrate via solvent extraction

In this study, quaternary-ammonium-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) Et-N-Cu(BDC-NH2)(DMF), were prepared, characterized, and applied for the highly effective removal of metal cyanide complexes, including Pd(CN)42−, Co(CN)63−, and Fe(CN)63−. Batch studies were carried out, and the maximum adsorption capacities of Pd(II), Co(III), and Fe(III) reached 172.9, 101.0, and 102.6, respectively. Adsorption was rapid, and equilibrium was established within 30 min. Et-N-Cu(BDC-NH2)(DMF) exhibited high thermal and chemical stability. Furthermore, absorbed Pd(CN)42− was selectively recovered by two-step elution. First, Co(CN)63− and Fe(CN)63− were eluted with a 1.5 mol L−1 KCl solution. Elution rates of Co(CN)63− and Fe(CN)63− were greater than 98.0%, whereas the elution percentage of Pd(CN)42− was less than 2.0%. Second, >97.0% Pd(CN)42− on the loaded MOFs was eluted using a 2.0 mol L−1 KI solution. The recovery rate of Pd(CN)42− was greater than 91.0% after five testing cycles. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics models, and adsorption thermodynamics of Pd(CN)42− on Et-N-Cu(BDC-NH2) (DMF) were also systematically investigated. The Et-N-Cu(BDC-NH2) (DMF) absorbent exhibited a rapid, excellent ability for the adsorption of metal cyanide complexes.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/8/2086/pdf

Highly Effective Removal of Metal Cyanide Complexes and Recovery of Palladium Using Quaternary-Ammonium-Functionalized MOFs

Selective recovery of platinum by combining a novel reusable ionic liquid with electrodeposition

Mixed [C8bet]Br/[C4mim][NTf2] ionic liquids were used as a new extraction system to extract Pd(II) from multimetal-ion solutions. The separation factors KPd/M (M: Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co) are greater th...

Recovery of Pd(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Medium by Solvent Extraction–Direct Electrodeposition Using Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic ILs

Hydrophobic phosphonium-based ionic liquids as novel extractants for palladium(II) recovery from alkaline cyanide solutions

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