A phytosociological survey of weeds was conducted during 2002 to check the severity of competition in wheat crop of district Rahim Yar Khan. A total of 37 weed species belonging to 33 genera and 17 families were recorded from the area under investigation. Five weed communities viz., 1) Phalaris-Cirsium-Avena in Bhong, 2) Avena-Polypogon-Melilotus in Hamidabad, 3) Phalaris-Convolvulus-Chenopodium in Machhka, 4) Polypogon-Avena-Melilotus in Rahim Yar Khan and 5) Spergula-Rumex-Phalaris in Tarinda Sawa-e-Khan were determined during this period. The dominant weed species among these communities were Avena fatua, Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Coronopus didymus, Cynodon dactylon, Dichanthium annulatum, Melilotus indica, Phalaris minor, Polygonum plebejum, Polypogon fugax, Rumex dentatus and Spergula arvensis. Grassy weeds were uniformly distributed throughout the selected areas in which Phalaris minor was found the most dominant and frequent weed species with Importance Value Index (IVI) of 55.13 and constancy percentage of 88. Other weed species such as Avena fatua, Polypogon fugax, Melilotus indica, Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium album and Cynodon dactylon were also uniformly observed with IVI ranging from 6.70-44.45%. Frankenia pulverulenta is proposed as a new emerging weed in saline sodic soils in the study area. This weed species has not been reported earlier as a weed in Pakistan.

Weed community dynamics in wheat crop of district Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

Efficacy of various pre and post-emergence herbicides to control weeds in wheat.

Avena fatua and Avena ludoviciana are closely related grass weed species infesting a large number of crops around the world. These species are widely distributed in diverse agro-ecosystems from temperate to sub-tropical regions due to their unique seed traits, successful germination ecology, high competitive ability, and allelopathic potential. A. fatua is more widespread, adaptable, and problematic than A. ludoviciana. Both these species infest major winter and spring crops, including wheat, oat, barley, canola, maize, alfalfa, and sunflower, causing up to 70% yield losses depending on crop species and weed density. Chemical control has been challenged by large-scale herbicide resistance evolution in these weed species. A. fatua is the most widespread herbicide-resistant weed in the world, infesting about 5 million hectares in 13 countries. The use of alternative herbicides with different modes of action has proved effective. Several cultural practices, including diverse crop rotations, cover crops, improved crop competition (using competitive cultivars, high seed rates, narrow row spacing, altered crop geometry), and allelopathic suppression, have shown promise for controlling A. fatua and A. ludoviciana. The integrated use of these cultural methods can reduce the herbicide dose required, and lower dependency on herbicides to control these grasses. Moreover, integrated management may successfully control herbicide-resistant populations of these weed species. The use of integrated approaches based on the knowledge of biology and ecology of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana may help to manage them sustainably in the future.

Biology and management of Avena fatua and Avena ludoviciana: two noxious weed species of agro-ecosystems

https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:b3051cc/UQb3051cc_OA.pdf

Challenges and prospects for weed management in Pakistan: A review

Weed communities of wheat crop were determined using quadrate method at 5 different wheat growing localities of District Toba Tek Singh, during Rabi season 2006-07. A total of 38 weed species distributed across 35 genera and 17 families were recorded. Grassy weeds were constantly present in all the selected sites. Phalaris minor and Avena fatua were found the most dominant and frequent weed species with an average frequency of 84 and 72% respectively. The dominant families in terms of species were Asteraceae (7 spp.), Fabaceae, Poaceae (6 spp. each) and Chenopodiaceae (4 spp.). Based on Importance Value Index (IVI), five communities viz., 1) AvenaPhalaris-Chenopodium in Gojra, 2) Phalaris-Avena-Polypogon in Kamalia, 3) Phalaris-SpergulaAvena in Pir Mahal, 4) Polypogon-Avena-Phalaris in Sandhelian Wali and 5) Avena-PolypogonChenopodium in Toba Tek Singh were established.

Weed communities of wheat crop in district toba tek singh, pakistan

A field experiment was conducted at Malakandher Farm, NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar during the rabi season 2004- 2005. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Six treatments were kept in each replication with five post-emergence herbicides including Topik 15 WP @ 0.04 kg, Puma super 75 EW @ 0.75 kg, Buctril super 60 EC @ 0.45 kg, Isoproturon 50 WP @ 1.0 kg, Aim 40 DF @ 0.02 kg a.i. ha -1 and a weedy check. The parameters found significantly affected were weed control efficiency (%), fresh weed biomass (kg ha -1 ), number of tillers m -2 , 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield (kg ha -1 ). Statistically maximum weed control efficiency (85.4 %) and minimum fresh weed biomass (1015 kg ha -1 ) was observed in plots treated with Isoproturon 50 WP followed by Buctril super 60 EC with values (77.3 %) and (1330 kg ha -1 ) respectively as compared to the fresh weed biomass (3175 kg ha -1 ) in the weedy check. Similarly number of tillers (253 m -2 ), 1000-grain weight (38.9 g), biological yield (13500 kg ha -1 ) and grain yield (3250 kg ha -1 ) were maximum in Isoproturon 50 WP treatments followed by Buctril super 60 EC treatments with values (210 m -2 ), (34.8 g), (11420 kg ha -1 ) and (2883 kg ha -1 ) respectively as compared to the weedy check (136 m -2 ), (23.4 g), (9834 kg ha -1 ) and (1834) respectively. The herbicide Isoproturon 50 WP @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha -1 followed by Buctril super 60 EC @ 0.45 kg a.i. ha -1 both applied as post emergence in wheat performed well in the entire weed and crop data parameters and showed effectively weed control in wheat.

Study of various herbicides for weed control in wheat under irrigated conditions

Efficacy of different herbicides for controlling weeds in onion in higher altitudes.

Survey on weed problems in wheat crop in district Mardan.

Efficacy of different pre and post-emergence herbicides for weed management in canola in higher altitudes.

Chemical weed management in wheat in rainfed areas-I.

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