SARA BUNGA LESTARI. The Relation between The Success of Corporate Social Responsibility Program with Community’s Self Reliance (case: PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk CSR Program, in Bantarjati Village, Klapanunggal Regency, District of Bogor, West Java). Supervised by

Hubungan Keberhasilan Program Corporate Social Responsibility dengan Kemandirian Masyarakat (Kasus: Program CSR PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk, di Desa Bantarjati, Kec. Klapanunggal, Kab. Bogor, Jawa Barat).

Changing climate conditions and depleting resources are becoming more important on the global agenda, the paradigm shifting to understand which means (resources) are necessary to generate future well-being. Unfortunately, the formal built environment remains the most polluting global industry and due to its conservative character seems difficult to change. Most undertaken efforts focus on improving characteristics of material, construction and processes in technology seeking the ability to solve all contemporary environmental problems. This article argues that in the informal rural African built environment examples of other attitudes towards the same goals can be found, providing many sustainable solutions that have a circular process and are based on local renewable materials. Rural communities perceived as a multitude of communities of practices, with a collective (sustainable) intelligence towards their built environment can provide a circular, sustainable, self-reliant and resilient model for the built environment. This article argues that in order to articulate sustainable 'local' solutions, the inhabitant's self-reliance is of vital importance, therefore stating a need for a model to evaluate what affords the inhabitant's self-reliance and how this model could be used as support for the 'expert' to evaluate the inhabitant's capabilities towards their built environment. This article uses the rural locality as a case study with the intention for subsequent global (urban and rural) application.

https://www.witpress.com/Secure/ejournals/papers/SDP120204f.pdf

Formulating a capability approach based model to sustain rural Sub-Saharan African inhabitant's self-reliance towards their built environment

Many factors can affect employability in Vocational High School students, including independence and disciplinary factors. This study aims to determine the role of independence and discipline towards student employability. As many as 225 students of class XII Vocational High School 1 Kalasan Yogyakarta, Indonesia participated in this study. The sampling technique is cluster random sampling. The research method used is a quantitative method with employability scale, independence scale, and discipline scale as a data collection tool. The data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The findings show that there is a very significant effect between independence and discipline on employability. Partially, there is a very significant influence between independence towards student employability, and there is a very significant influence between discipline on employability. The role of discipline towards employability is more dominant than independence to employability in Vocational High School students.

http://edulearn.intelektual.org/index.php/EduLearn/article/download/12993/pdf_329

Independence, discipline and employability: study of vocational high school students

Creating ‘self-reliance’ and improving ‘livelihood sustainability’ amongst small-scale sugarcane farmers remains challenging in part because the underpinning theories are poorly understood. This st...

Creating self-reliance and sustainable livelihoods amongst small-scale sugarcane farmers

The setting for this research is a rural community in the central region of Malawi. As a qualitative case-study it explores attitudes towards development as well as the processes school-based community development might go through to achieve a permanent increase in adaptability (Taylor, 2005). This adaptability is the ability of local communities to finance and maintain interventions and then adapt to changes in the social and economic environment. This thesis explores opportunities the community may develop to avoid dependence on outside control as they become increasingly self-sustaining. The research questions explore these processes and unpack shifts in community power relations while exploring the impact that faith-based organisations bring to the development process.

The research positions the researcher within the lived experience of those researched and uses research instruments developed from qualitative research typologies consistent with Berkowitz, and Srivastava & Hopwood underpinned with a philosophical framework drawn from the ideas of Freire, Chambers and Wells. This research considers seven non-governmental organisations (NGOs), six schools and various authority structures within the research locality to explore their roles and the tensions each brings to the other. Drawing on a constructivist epistemology it explores current thinking and practice regarding school-based community development. Additionally, the thesis looks at teacher professionalism and identity, arguing that for teachers to develop a professional identity a degree of autonomy is needed where self-regulation and opportunity to contribute to training is necessary.

This exploration is achieved by gathering data using research instruments that include semi-structured interviews, focus groups discussions and reflexive consideration from journaling and regular reviews with assistant researchers. Reflecting on the empirical data gathered to allow theory to emerge it triangulates research methods to increase reliability. I explore the processes, obstacles and hindrances to establish how self-reliance within school-based community development is approached by NGOs, and use the data to support the argument that NGO activity may be contributing to the erosion of traditional authority structures such as the community chief.

It is suggested that the creation of space in which to explore common ground between developmental actors is a first step towards the creation of an empowered community whose ownership of the processes is central to a permanently adaptive development.

Creating space to understand school-based community development within a rural Malawian community

The paper examines the principles of self -reliance as critical elements to the overall sustainable development of the rural economy drawing examples from Nigeria. It argues that there is a need for an alternative model for development in traditional, predominantly rural communities which avoids creating overdependence on foreign aid and allows for the empowering of local people to trust in their own capabilities and spirit. Self -reliance as an alternative to the western model if properly understood and applied can bring hope for a brighter and more sustainable future.

Self-Reliance: Key to Sustainable Rural Development in Nigeria

Gastropoda banyak ditemukan di ekosistem mangrove dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan maupun kerapatan hutan mangrove. Salah satu gastropoda yang ditemukan adalah Terebralia palustris yang sering dijadikan sebagai bioindikator kesehatan mangrove. Kajian T. palustris (Linnaeus 1767) dilakukan pada bulan September 2020 di hutan mangrove Pantai Payum Merauke Papua dengan 3 stasiun pengamatan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan, hubungan panjang berat tubuh, kualitas dan penciri lingkungannya serta faktor penentu distribusi dan kepadatan T. palustris di Pantai Payum. T. palustris maupun mangrove dikumpulkan dengan membuat transek garis sepanjang 50 m tegak lurus garis pantai dan dibuat petak-petak contoh berukuran 10 x 10 m untuk mangrove serta 1 x 1 m (di dalam plot 10 x 10 m) untuk T. palustris. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa kepadatan T. palustris bervariasi di setiap stasiun pengamatan dengan kepadatan tertinggi berada pada Stasiun 2 (54,20 ind/m2) dan terendahnya pada Stasiun 3 (19,67 ind/m2). Pola pertumbuhan T. palustris bersifat allometrik negatif. Untuk kualitas lingkungan secara keseluruhan, hasil penghitungan memperlihatkan bahwa kerapatan mangrovenya tergolong tinggi (> 1000 ind/ha) dengan parameter kualitas perairan untuk suhunya berkisar antara 28,33 – 31,67°C, DO 5,60 – 7,67 mg/L, pH 6,83 – 7,53 dan salinitas 29,33 – 30,00‰. Analisis PCA memperlihatkan bahwa penyebaran stasiun pengamatan dan karakteristik lingkungan membentuk 2 kelompok dengan kelompok pertama Stasiun 3 dipengaruhi oleh salinitas, suhu, DO dan kerapatan mangrove yang tinggi, sedangkan kelompok kedua Stasiun 1 dan 2 dipengaruhi oleh pH yang tinggi serta diameter batang mangrove yang besar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis PCA, faktor penentu distribusi dan kepadatan T. palustris adalah suhu, DO dan kerapatan mangrove.   Many mangrove habitats contain gastropods, which are greatly influenced by environmental conditions and the density of mangrove trees. One of the gastropods discovered was Terebralia palustris, which is frequently employed as a bioindicator of mangrove health. A research of T. palustris (Linnaeus, 1767) was done in September 2020 at three observation sites in the mangrove forest of Payum Beach, Merauke Papua. This study aims to evaluate the density, the relationship between body length and weight, the quality and characteristics of the environment, and the distribution and density determinants of T. palustris in Payum Beach. T. palustris and mangroves were gathered by constructing a 50 m perpendicular to the seashore line transect and creating 10 x 10 m plots for mangroves and 1 x 1 m plots (within a 10 x 10 m plot) for T. palustris. The study revealed that the density of T. palustris fluctuated at each observation station, with the highest density occurring at Station 2 (54.20 ind/m2) and the lowest density occurring at Station 3 (19.67 ind/m2). The T. palustris growth pattern is negative allometric. The calculation findings indicate that the mangrove density is high (> 1000 ind/ha) and that the water quality parameters range from 28.33 to 31.67°C, DO 5.60 to 7.67 mg/L, pH 6.83 to 7.53, and salinity 29.33 to 30.00‰. PCA analysis revealed that the distribution of observation stations and environmental parameters formed two groups, with Station 3 influenced by salinity, temperature, DO, and a high mangrove density, and Stations 1 and 2 influenced by a high pH and a big mangrove trunk diameter. According to the results of PCA analysis, the distribution and density of T. palustris are determined by temperature, DO, and mangrove density.

Gastropoda Mangrove Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus 1767) di Pantai Payum Kabupaten Merauke Papua

Energy use is primarily responsible for climate change which is a serious challenge confronting sustainable development. The Nigerian energy system is dominated by the hydrocarbon based sources neglecting the cleaner available renewable energy resources. This has serious implication on climate change considering Nigeria as the most populous nation in Africa. A review of energy and climate change policies of developing countries like China, India, Brazil and South Africa suggests that there are viable policies which Nigeria can adopt to fill the policy gaps and have an integrated energy and climate change policy for the country. While alternative cleaner sources of energy remains the most reliable way of attaining sustainable development in the long term, there are sound energy use and climate change policies we should adopt toward sustainable development.

Energy and Climate Change Policy for Nigeria

Kuala Langsa estuary is a semi-closed zone where there is an exchange of two water masses between river and tidal of the Malacca Strait. The exchange of those two water masses occurs as a physical result of fluctuating estuaries. This caused Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) continue to increase as the estuary is the final distribution point for sediment brought from upstream by erosion in the Langsa River. This sediment contributes to the silting of Langsa estuary. This is caused the KRI dr. Soeharso Hospital to be unable to dock at the Kuala Langsa Port during the 66th Surya Bhaskara Jaya Navy Operations 2017. It’s necessary to study estuary physical conditions, which include bathymetry, currents, temperature, salinity, and concentrations of floating sediment that occur as a result of the tides and river discharges. This research used quantitative and qualitative exploratory methods, analyzed a direct correlation between the measurement results, roughness coeficient, and sediment transport rate used relevant empirical equations (Duboy's, Einstein's, Rottner, Chang, Simons, and Richardson, and Lane and Kalinske aquations). This research found that the Langsa estuary is 16 km with a semidiurnal tidal type. In the Langsa estuary, it was discovered that  the highest sediment rate was at the mouth of the estuary is 10.700.739,71 ton/day-1 and the physical model of Muara Langsa has a good correlation to the results of measurements-model indicate value of CC width = 0.959 and tide CC= 0.421, This study provides initial information for conducting hydrodynamic and morphological models at the mouth of estuary.

Effect of Stream River and Tidal on the Suspended Sediment Concentration of Kuala Langsa Estuary, Aceh, Indonesia

The relationship between energy use and climate change is strong and dynamic, but the two are often treated separately and as static phenomena. This affects people’s perception and understanding of climate change. There is therefore the need to show clearly the causal relationship between energy use and climate change. This study developed choropleth maps and bivariate maps in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment as a new way of visualising the dynamic relationship between energy use and climate change. We observed that the relationship between them is more easily perceived through GIS maps than the customary graphs used in energy and climate change visualisations. This has a role to play in influencing public and stakeholders’ perception and understanding of the relationship between energy use and climate change. KeywordsEnergy Use; Climate change; GIS; Visualisations

Visualising the Relationship between Energy Use and Climate Change

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