This study investigates the impact of environmental uncertainty and organizational ambidexterity on supply chain integration and its relationship between supply chain agility and organizational flexibility in the manufacturing firms.,The data were collected from 526 managers in services and manufacturing industry in Kuala Lumpur. The partial least square (SmartPLS 3.0) tool was applied through the use of the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.,The results revealed that a strong relationship exist between environmental uncertainty and supply chain integrations including customer, supplier and internal integration. Organizational ambidexterity has a significant relationship with supply chain integration. Supply chain integrations were shown to have a positive impact on the firm's supply chain agility and organizational flexibility.,The findings may assist to establish a set of key drivers for enhancing supply chain agility and organizational flexibility as a supply chain management initiative in the manufacturing and service industry.

Supply chain integration and its impact on supply chain agility and organizational flexibility in manufacturing firms

Background
The flours are often unstable in relation to their flow performance which is evident when a free flowing material ceases to flow and the processing, handling, and production parameters depend on the inherent powder characteristics and their bulk behaviour. The present study was conducted to compare the flowability of basmati and non-basmati rice flour affecting bulk handling which could be related to its particle size, shape and surface roughness (measured by Atomic Force Microscope) as well as bulk and shear properties depending upon the processing conditions.

Results
Particle size (171.1-171.9 µm) of both the samples was not significantly different. However, the flowability of the non-basmati rice flour was significantly affected by its particle shape (circularity 0.487), surface roughness (124.23nm) and compressibility (25.32%) in comparison to basmati rice flour (circularity 0.653, surface roughness 113.59nm and compressibility 21.09%) making it more cohesive than basmati rice flour. Also, basic flow energy was significantly higher in non-basmati flour, thus required more energy (147.54mJ) to flow than basmati rice flour (130.15mJ).

Conclusion
Overall, flowability was analysed by applying three different pressures (3, 6 and 9kPa) among which non-basmati rice flour was found less flowable (flow function coefficient, FFC 2.33 at 9kPa) in comparison to basmati (FFC 3.35 at 9kPa) creating bulk handling difficult. This study could be useful in designing processing equipments, hoppers and silos for rice flour handling.

Characterization of bulk and shear properties of basmati and non-basmati rice flour.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crop feeding about 2.5 billion people around the world and it is a major source of nutrition. Asian countries are the main producers as well as consumers of the rice. Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima are the two common cultivated rice species. Oryza sativa is cultivated in Asian regions, while Oryza glaberrima is cultivated in African region. Rice is the second most important food crop in Pakistan. More than 40% of the world’s rice crop is lost annually due to biotic stress such as pests, insects, weeds and pathogens. This study was carried out to identify bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa13 and Xa21) in Pakistani, Indian, Japanese, Taiwanese and Philippine’s rice varieties. Investigation of genetic diversity among rice varieties was also carried out by total seed proteins profiling using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein bands of size ranging from 10 kDa to 125.8 kDa were observed. Genetic similarity values ranged from 0.22 to 1.00 and cluster analysis divided all the varieties into five groups. For molecular identification of Xa13 and Xa21 genes fragment, sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers were used. Xa13 gene fragment was present in 30 varieties and Xa21 gene fragment was present in 43 varieties. Genetic diversity was present among rice varieties. The information about the genetic diversity of studied rice varieties will be very useful in identification and selection of suitable parents for use in breeding programs to develop unique germplasm that complement existing varieties regarding high yield and resistance to bacterial leaf blight disease.

Screening of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties for genetic diversity and bacterial blight resistance gene

The speciality rice variety such as Basmati and Jasmine maybe not be very suitable to\nplant under the Malaysian climate because the growth may be influenced by the changes\nin the environmental conditions causing the changes of its physical and chemical\ncharacters and results in low yield. Thus, an attempt was made through a hybridisation\nprogram among selected Malaysian rice varieties consist of MRQ50, MRQ74, MRQ76,\nMR219, Mahsuri Mutant, and Mahsuri Mutant 98 with Indian traditional rice, Basmati\n370 with the main objectives, to compare the kernel elongation ratio of each cross and to\ndetermine the potential and suitable combination among crosses rice for further evaluation\nprogram. The results of the study indicated that among parental lines, Basmati 370 posed\nthe highest elongation ratio 2.00 which revealed its speciality elongation trait of cooked\nrice. A comparison between crosses, rice cross between Basmati 370 and Mahsuri Mutant\n98 showed the highest elongation ratio with the value 2.12 and the lowest elongation ratio\nof about 1.96 was found in rice cross between Basmati 370 and MR219. However, all\nhybridised rice poses a value of elongation ratio more than 1.6 which is considered good\nkernel elongation. The segregation pattern of all crosses also posed a ratio 3:1 whereas\nthree is low elongation and one is high elongation which demonstrated the Mendelian\ninheritance of monogenic cross. The results obtained from this study could contribute to\nthe existing literature on speciality rice production in Malaysia and beneficial for future\nrice quality improvement program.

/pdf/inheritance-of-kernel-elongation-in-f2-rice-populations-g7xgu58tub.pdf

Inheritance of kernel elongation in F2 rice populations crossed between Indian rice basmati 370 and selected Malaysian rice varieties

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important food crop all over the world, while white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important pest causing rice yield reduction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sublethal effects of strain BEdy1 Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) on S. furcifera using the two-sex life table analytical method, compare the life tables of the F0 and F1 generations of WBPHs which were treated with sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC25) of B. bassiana BEdy1 with a control group. The results showed that the duration of the egg, 4th-instar and 5th-instar nymph, pre-adult, total pre-oviposition (TPOP) and mean generation time (T) for the LC25 treatment were significantly longer than those of the control and LC10 treatment. However, the duration of the adult, the longevity of male and female adults and the oviposition days of female adults for the LC25 treatment were significantly shortened. The fecundity of female adults, intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) for the LC25 treatment were significantly decreased compared with those of other treatments. The duration of the egg and pre-adult stage for the LC10 treatment were longer than those of the control group, but the population parameters showed no significant difference. Therefore, the LC25 of B. bassiana BEdy1 can inhibit the population growth of S. furcifera.

/pdf/sublethal-effects-of-beauveria-bassiana-strain-bedy1-on-the-rs99p76x.pdf

Sublethal Effects of Beauveria bassiana Strain BEdy1 on the Development and Reproduction of the White-Backed Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

The Choice of new rice varieties by farmers and consumers at the expense of indigenous varieties have become a source of panic to scientists in Pakistan. In the present research the cooking quality and physico-chemical characteristics of 14 newly developed lines and two check varieties widely grown in Punjab, Pakistan were investigated. Significant variation (P<0.05) was observed among the 15 rice varieties for all the traits studied. The results demonstrated that two newly developed rice Lines showed elevated cooked grain length (CGL). The grains of PK9533-9-6-1-1 had the highest elongation ratio of 1.900. “PK 9966-10-1 has the best physical appearance in terms of length but quickly dissolve in water during cooking. Most of the physico-chemical characteristic such as amylose, protein and gelatinization temperature were significantly correlated with some of the cooking quality traits i.e., elongation ratio, CGL indicating that efforts aimed at selecting rice varieties with improved cooking quality traits would permit a consideration of the physico-chemical attributes of the rice grain. The overall cooking quality and physico-chemical aspects of some of new lines were even relatively superior to the Check (Super Basmati). Farmers should, therefore, be critical in accepting new varieties that may not be akin superlative in yield but also in cooking quality and physico-chemic

/pdf/grain-quality-attributes-of-new-rice-basmati-lines-of-2ubm52x89f.pdf

Grain quality attributes of new rice basmati lines of Pakistan

Whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horvath (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is a migratory and very serious pest of rice crop in Pakistan. The experiment was carried out to study the population dynamics by capturing Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) in light traps and its association with abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall). Population dynamics was monitored using light traps installed in four rice growing districts viz., Sheikhupura, Gujranwala, Narowal and Bahawalnagar of Punjab province in Pakistan. Results revealed that mostly population of WBPH started to appear on traps during first week of September and peak population of WBPH recorded in 2nd and 3rd week of October with a decline started in the end of November. Weather variables shown significant relationship with WBPH population dynamics. Rainfall showed positive increased influence synchronization with pest population in light traps. The correlation data exhibited positive correlation of WBPH population on light trap with relative humidity in September. Minimum temperature disclosed significant and negative association with WBPH population in October. Results of the present investigation suggest that weather variables significantly affected the population dynamics of S. furcifera.

Influence of abiotic factors on population dynamics of SOGATELLA FURCIFERA HORVATH (DELPHACIDAE: HOMOPTERA)

The whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horvath (Homoptera: Delphacidae), is a serious pest of rice crop in Pakistan. In the current study the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Akanthomyces lecanii was evaluated against whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) under laboratory and field conditions. There were two concentrations of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF, 1 × 109 CFU/mL and 1 × 108 CFU/mL) used in the bioassays. Combination of EPF with the insecticide buprofezin at low dose rates (0.001 mg/mL and 0.006 mg/mL) was also evaluated. Results showed that mortality of the pest ranged from 50–80% when EPF was used alone. Mortality of WBPH was 53–90% when buprofezin was combined with EPF. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were more effective than A. Lecanii. In field trials, EPF were applied at the rate of 2.5 × 1012 CFU/ha and buprofezin at the rate of 78 g/ha. Relative efficacies of EPF ranged from 40.54–59.17% when only using EPF after 21 days of the first application. Relative efficacy climbed to 71.62% and 70.20% when buprofezin was combined with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively, after 14 days of the first spray. The results revealed that EPF has the potential to control the population of WBPH. Additionally, their efficacy can be further enhanced by combining them with buprofezin even at low dose rates.

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi Alone and in Combination with Buprofezin Against Sogatella Furcifera (Horváth) on Rice

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Grain quality attributes of new rice basmati lines of Pakistan

Influence of abiotic factors on population dynamics of SOGATELLA FURCIFERA HORVATH (DELPHACIDAE: HOMOPTERA)

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi Alone and in Combination with Buprofezin Against Sogatella Furcifera (Horváth) on Rice