Evaluation of single and combined effects of cadmium and micro-plastic particles on biochemical and immunological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A minireview on N-acetylcysteine: An old drug with new approaches

Individuals’ favorite subjects in school can predetermine their educational and occupational careers. If girls develop weaker preferences for science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), it c...

The Social Pipeline: How Friend Influence and Peer Exposure Widen the STEM Gender Gap

Since the late 1990s, there has been rapid multiplication of data on the anti-cancer properties of artemisinins. This article reviews the status of progress of artemisinin and its derivatives as anti-cancer agents in clinical trials, case reports, and in vitro/in vivo studies. Particular attention is laid on the combinations of artemisinins and synthetic chemodrugs to enhance the latter's efficacy. An attempt is here made to rationalize the synergistic effects of a few common anti-cancer drugs of the anthracycline, taxane, anti-metabolite, and platinum-based drug families. The various pathways that mediate the action of artemisinins as reported over the past decade are here summarized highlighting also the biomarkers that could be used to better predict the efficacy of the sesquiterpenoids. Their main action seems to be directed toward stalling tumor cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The emergence of artemisinins' nano-based formulations in combination with chemodrugs to enhance drug bioavailability and targeting as well as immunotherapy is also reviewed. The enhanced efficacy of artemisinin dimers compared to the parent molecules and standard chemotherapy is analyzed. While these therapies hold promises, it may be premature to conclude on their efficacy in the absence of clinical studies.

Artemisinin and its derivatives in cancer therapy: status of progress, mechanism of action, and future perspectives.

Study of Lip Prints as an Aid to Forensic Methodology

Accurate age estimation of human adult is an important problem in both anthropological and forensic fields Recently, determination of pulp/tooth area ratio from dental radiographs used as noninvasive and feasible methods for adult age prediction The aim of this study was to test the reliability and applicability of pulp/tooth area ratio (PTR) in three mandibular teeth as an indicator of age by Panoramic Radiographs A total of 500 panoramic radiographs of Egyptian individuals (262 males and 238 females), aged between 18 and 71 years, were studied Pulp/tooth area ratios (PTR) were determined by AutoCAD 2010 Data were subjected to correlation and regression analysis which indicated that 2nd premolar (PM2) was the most closely correlated with age(r=-0947) followed closely by canine(c) (r=-0941) The 1st premolar revealed the lowest correlation (r=-0914); among tooth combinations, the three teeth taken together had the best R value (- 0956) Linear regression equations were determined separately for the individual teeth and tooth combinations The standard errors of estimates (SEE) of the regression analyses for the individual teeth and tooth combinations ranged from ± 410 to 566 years, indicating minimal difference in age estimates using solitary or multiple teeth The observations obtained from the current study indicate that the PTR method is a useful procedure for assessing age with reasonable accuracy among Egyptians in forensic field

/pdf/age-estimation-from-pulp-tooth-area-ratio-in-three-1zixtn74qw.pdf

Age Estimation from Pulp/Tooth Area Ratio in Three Mandibular Teeth byPanoramic Radiographs: Study of an Egyptian Sample

Burn deaths are an important public health problem in a developing country like Egypt. The purpose of this study was to record and evaluate the causes and the magnitude of the fatal burn injuries retrospectively. An analysis of autopsy records revealed 106 (2.66%) cases of burn injuries among the total autopsies done over 5 years period (2006–2010) in the mortuary of Forensic Medicine Institute, Cairo. The majority of deaths (66.1%) occurred between 11 and 50 years of age group with a preponderance of males (67%). The flame burns were seen in 96.2% of the victims. The majority of burn incidents were accidental (55.7%) in nature followed by suicidal (22.6%) and homicidal (21.7%) deaths. The percentages of burns (TBSA) over 50% were observed in most of the cases (83%). Clear signs of vitality were found in 67% of the victims. The majority of deaths occurred within a week (82%) and most of the victims died from neurogenic shock (54.7%) followed by Septicemia & pneumonia (23.5%). The results of this study provide the necessary information to develop proper burn prevention programs, thereby reducing the frequency of burns and burn-related deaths.

Fatal burn injuries: A five year retrospective autopsy study in Cairo city, Egypt

The extensive use of fipronil (FPN) may trigger hazards to more than insects. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the abrogating role of Terminalia laxiflora (TL) methanol extract (TLE) against the neurotoxic effects provoked by FPN. Fourty male albino rats were assigned into four equal groups. The first group served as control, the second one was orally administered FPN (10.5 mg/kg BW), the third group was given combination of FPN and TLE) (100 mg/kg BW), and the fourth one was orally given TLE. Our findings highlighted the efficacy of TLE as a neuroprotectant through a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 25.8%, elevations of the reduced glutathione (GSH) level, catalase (CAT,) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 30.9, 41.2, and 48.2% respectively. Consequently, the relative mRNA levels of both Bax and caspase-3 were down-regulated by 40.54% and caspase-3 by 30.35% compared with the control group. Moreover, restoration of the pathological tissue injuries were detected. In conclusion, TLE proved to be a potent neuroprotective agent against the FPN-induced toxicity.

The Terminalia Laxiflora Modulates The Neurotoxicity Induced By Fipronil In Male Albino Rats

Trace metals and metals induced Oxidative stress have been implicated in breast carcinogenesis. Our study aimed to evaluate alteration of trace metals in breast tissue, oxidative stress and antioxidant status in breast cancer patients. This study included 120 female patients: 100 with breast cancer and 20 with benign breast diseases. Trace metals in breast tissue, lipid peroxidation and oxidative status were assessed. The present Results showed a significant increase in lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and iron concentrations in malignant breast tissues compared to control group (P < 0.001). Also, a significant decline in Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Glutathione Reductase (GR) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) levels; however a significant rise in Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Ferritin levels was detected in patients with breast cancer compared to controls. In conclusion, the alteration of the elemental content in cancerous breast tissues and the disruption of oxidant/antioxidant balance highlight the role of trace metals in cancer development.

https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/the-role-of-oxidative-stress-in-carcinogenesis-induced-by-metals-in-breast-cancer-egyptian-females-2161-0525.1000207.pdf

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Carcinogenesis Induced By Metals in Breast Cancer Egyptian Females Sample at Dakahlia Governorate

Background: Crimes towards children have drawn public attention over the decades. Several studies have been conducted to determine the risk factors of victimizing children. Conducting studies of this crime in Cairo, the capital city of Egypt, would help in understanding the motives behind it in such a densely populated area. Research design and methodology: A review of death charts was conducted in Zeinhom morgue in the years of 2006e2010 to study the trends and characteristics of child homicide in Cairo. The cut-off for a child age was at 18 years. Data related to the victim and offender was collected. Results: Child homicides represented 7.97% of total child deaths in the studied period. Most of them (25%) fall in the age group of 1e6 years. Females were the majority in the age group of 12e18 years (89%). The offender was the father in 28% of cases and the cause of death was mainly trauma to the head (42%). Conclusion: Further studies should be conducted to discern the risk factors of this crime in Cairo with special considerations to the motives behind murdering females in teen ages.

Original communication Child homicide in Cairo from 2006 to 2010: Characteristics and trends

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