Entanglement entropy plays a variety of roles in quantum field theory, including the connections between quantum states and gravitation through the holographic principle. This article provides a review of entanglement entropy from a mixed viewpoint of field theory and holography. A set of basic methods for the computation is developed and illustrated with simple examples such as free theories and conformal field theories. The structures of the ultraviolet divergences and the universal parts are determined and compared with the holographic descriptions of entanglement entropy. The utility of quantum inequalities of entanglement are discussed and shown to derive the C theorem that constrains renormalization group flows of quantum field theories in diverse dimensions.

Entanglement entropy: Holography and renormalization group

With continued climate changes, soil drought stress has become the main limiting factor for crop growth in arid and semi-arid regions. A typical characteristic of drought stress is the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damage. Plant-associated microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), can regulate physiological and molecular responses to tolerate drought stress, and they have a strong ability to cope with drought-induced oxidative damage via enhanced antioxidant defence systems. AMF produce a limited oxidative burst in the arbuscule-containing root cortical cells. Similar to plants, AMF modulate a fungal network in enzymatic (e.g. GmarCuZnSOD and GintSOD1) and non-enzymatic (e.g. GintMT1, GinPDX1 and GintGRX1) antioxidant defence systems to scavenge ROS. Plants also respond to mycorrhization to enhance stress tolerance via metabolites and the induction of genes. The present review provides an overview of the network of plant - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus dialogue in mitigating oxidative stress. Future studies should involve identifying genes and transcription factors from both AMF and host plants in response to drought stress, and utilize transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to clarify a clear dialogue mechanism between plants and AMF in mitigating oxidative burst.

Unravelling the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mitigating the oxidative burst of plants under drought stress.

Persian or English walnut (Juglans regia L.), the walnut species cultivated for nut production, is one of the oldest food sources known. Persian walnuts, native to the mountain valleys of Central Asia, are grown worldwide in temperate areas. World production exceeds three million tons since 2012, mostly provided by China, the USA, and Iran. Despite very ancient culture of walnut species (Juglans spp.), breeding actually started in the twentieth century. Using a range of methodologies, from morphological markers to the most recent advances in genome analysis, many genetic studies of walnut have been conducted during the past 30 years, including examination of diversity, determination of relationships within or among germplasm collections and populations, phylogenetic and origin elucidation, genetic map construction, and biotic or abiotic stress investigations. The genetic improvement of walnut has undergone great evolution. The producing countries of the Middle East have widely studied morphological characteristics of walnut. The USA and France, for example, are behind important cultivar releases such as “Chandler” and “Franquette.” Finally, genomics represents a major breakthrough in walnut improvement, in particular by recent sequencing of both chloroplast and nuclear genomes. This review summarizes worldwide molecular and “omics” studies and gives an overview of the main walnut breeding programs.

/pdf/walnut-past-and-future-of-genetic-improvement-2tr7ofgwb2.pdf

Walnut: past and future of genetic improvement

Improving the accuracy of predicting plant productivity is a key element in planning nutrient management strategies to ensure a balance between nutrient supply and demand under climate change. A calculation based on intercepted photosynthetically active radiation is an effective and relatively reliable way to determine the climate impact on a crop above-ground biomass (AGB). This research shows that using variations in a chlorophyll content index (CCI) in a mathematical function could effectively obtain good statistical diagnostic results between simulated and observed crop biomass. In this study, the leaf CCI, which is used as a biochemical photosynthetic component and calibration parameter, increased simulation accuracy across the growing stages during 2016-2017. This calculation improves the accuracy of prediction and modelling of crops under specific agroecosystems, and it may also improve projections of AGB for a variety of other crops.

Use of a leaf chlorophyll content index to improve the prediction of above-ground biomass and productivity

YITP-16-106 IPMU 16-0135 We review the developments in the past decade on holographic entanglement entropy, a subject that has garnered much attention owing to its potential to teach us about the emergence of spacetime in holography. We provide an introduction to the concept of entanglement entropy in quantum field theories, review the holographic proposals for computing the same, providing some justification for where these proposals arise from in the first two parts. The final part addresses recent developments linking entanglement and geometry. We provide an overview of the various arguments and technical developments that teach us how to use field theory entanglement to detect geometry. Our discussion is by design eclectic; we have chosen to focus on developments that appear to us most promising for further insights into the holographic map. This is a preliminary draft of a few chapters of a book which will appear sometime in the near future, to be published by Springer, as part of their Lecture Notes in Physics series. The book in addition contains a discussion of application of holographic ideas to computation of entanglement entropy in strongly coupled field theories, and discussion of tensor networks and holography, which we have chosen to exclude from the current manuscript.

Holographic Entanglement Entropy

The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the most important horticultural crops grown in Iran. This research was conducted to determine the variation in walnut germplasm grown in the Arak region of Iran during the 2007-2008 growing seasons. All of the selected genotypes originated from seed, and their phenological and pomological characteristics were evaluated. Results indicated that there were promising genotypes within the walnut populations in the studied region. Genotypes MS26, MS6, MS34, MS45, MS70, MS49 and MS54 were late bearing leaves (21 to 25 April). Genotypes MS27 and MS29 were completely homogamous. Bearing habit was lateral and terminal in 38.57 and 61.43% genotypes, respectively. Genotypes MS8, MS10, MS48 and MS66 were early maturing and their nuts matured before 10 September. High variation for nut and kernel characteristics was found among the studied genotypes. Genotypes MS15, MS17, MS19, MS20, MS23, MS26, MS27 and MS29 were identified as promising, because their kernel weight, nut weight and kernel ratio were higher than 6 g, 12 g and 50%, respectively. These superior genotypes could be used for cultivation or as parents in future breeding programs.

https://cbjournal.areeo.ac.ir/article_100429_0ca0d5c1946e37fb25d467280905c31e.pdf

Evaluation and identification of walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes in Markazi province of Iran

In many cases evaluation of chlorophyll and nitrogen content in plants need to destructive methods, more time and organic solvents. Application of chlorophyll meters save time and resources. The aim of this study was estimating of chlorophyll and nitrogen content in Asian pear leaves using non-destructive method and rapid quantification of chlorophyll by chlorophyll content meter (CCM200). This study was conducted on 8 years old Asian pear trees during June 2008 in Tehran, Iran. To develop our regression model, the chlorophyll meter data were correlated with extracted chlorophyll and nitrogen content data obtained from DMSO and Kejeldal methods, respectively. The results showed that, there was positive and linear correlation between CCM-200 data and chlorophyll a (R²=0.7183), chlorophyll b (R²=0.8523), total chlorophyll (R²=0.90), and total nitrogen content (R²=0.76) in Asian pear leaves. Thus, it can be concluded that, CCM-200 can be used in order to predict both chlorophyll and nitrogen content in Asian pear leaves.

/pdf/estimate-of-leaf-chlorophyll-and-nitrogen-content-in-asian-3eic07bilh.pdf

Estimate of Leaf Chlorophyll and Nitrogen Content in Asian Pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) by CCM-200

Universal thermal corrections to symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy and full counting statistics

Calotropis proceran (Asclepidaceae) is an evergreen plant and widely distributed in Hormozgan province. This plant has the allelopathic properties including germination inhibition, plumule and radicle growth reduction. In this study the effect of different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60%) of dry leaf water extraction of this plant on the germination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculenthum), and eggplant (Solanum melongena) were investigated. The results showed that water extract significantly decreased the germination percentage especially at high concentrations. The radicle and plumule length also were affected by the extract concentrations.

http://jornamental.iaurasht.ac.ir/article_513634_6eb26e5ec8457edd031425cb228be8ec.pdf

Effect of calotropis procera leaf extract on seed germination of some plants

El pistacho es uno de los cultivos horticolas mas importantes producidos en Iran. En este estudio fueron evaluadas las celulas epidermicas de las hojas de cuatro portainjertos de pistacho (Pistacia vera, cv. Badami Zarand, Sarakhs, Ghazvini y Pistacia mutica) obtenidas bajo tres niveles de riego (100%, 65% y 30% ETc). La densidad y dimension (longitud y ancho) de los estomas se determinaron por microscopio de luz y microscopio electronico de barrido (SEM), respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el riego, los portainjertos y su interaccion tienen efectos significativos sobre la densidad y la longitud de los estomas. El efecto del riego en el ancho de los estomas fue significativo. El portainjerto y la interaccion de riego no tuvo efectos significativos sobre el ancho de los estomas. La mayor densidad de estomas y la menor longitud y ancho estomatal se obtuvo al aumentar el estres hidrico. La mayor y menor densidad de estomas en la superficie abaxial se obtuvo en P. mutica (530.30 no/mm2) y P. vera "Ghazvini" (404.04 no/mm2), respectivamente. En los portainjertos P. mutica y P. vera "Ghazvini" se obtuvo el mayor largo de estomas, en tanto la menor longitud se observo en P. vera "Badami" y P. vera "Sarakhs". No hubo diferencia significativa en el ancho de estomas en los patrones evaluados. La forma de las celulas epidermicas fue diferente entre los portainjertos estudiados. En todos los patrones se observo estomas anomociticos. Entre los portainjertos estudiados solo P. mutica tuvo tricomas en la superficie abaxial, donde la presencia de los tricomas en este patron es una caracteristica distinguible. Se encontro una correlacion negativa (-0,432) entre la densidad y ancho de estomas (P < 0.01). No se encontro correlacion entre la densidad y longitud de estomas, mientras que en el tratamiento del estres hidrico severo se observo una correlacion negativa significativa entre la densidad y longitud (-0.675) en P < 0,05. En P. vera "Ghazvini" se observo menos estomas, pero de mayor ancho. Los resultados sugieren que las diferencias anatomicas pueden ser utiles como un metodo de cribado inicial para la clasificacion de patrones de pistacho con resistencia a la sequia.

/pdf/study-of-foliar-epidermal-anatomy-of-four-pistachio-4k5cdle92s.pdf

Study of foliar epidermal anatomy of four pistachio rootstocks under water stress

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Mostafa Ghasemi

Author Tools

Chat about Author