The invention relates to systems, methods, and articles of manufacture for generating an image of a data store at a past time by using a map (e.g., a time map) of the locations of data stored in the data store at the specified past time. The map allows the data storage system to quickly determine the locations of data stored in a data store at a past time, without searching the entire index of records concerning the locations of the past data.

Generation and use of a time map for accessing a prior image of a storage device

The disclosed technology facilitates recovery from storage-related failures by checkpointing copy-on-write operation sequences. An operation sequence incorporating such checkpoints into a copy-on-write can include the following: receive a write request that identifies payload data to be written to a first data store, read original data associated with the first data store, copy the original data to a second data store, record transactional information associated with the write request, generate a first checkpoint to confirm the successful recordation of the transactional information and the successful copying of the original data to the second data store, write the payload data to the first data store, acknowledge a successful completion of the copy-on-write operation sequence, and generate a second checkpoint that confirms the successful completion of such operation sequence. The first and second checkpoints are used to form a pre-failure representation of one or more storage units (or parts thereof). The checkpoints can be stored with other transactional information, to facilitate recovery in the event of a failure, and can be used to facilitate the use of optimizations to process I/O operations.

Recovering from storage transaction failures using checkpoints

A storage management device records write requests that are directed to a data store. In one embodiment, the storage management device records a plurality of write request entries, each one of which includes information relating to a write request, in at least one first database table, and maintains, for each first database table, at least one record in a second database table. The one or more records in the second database table include data representing the effects of the write requests on a state of at least one portion of the data store. In one such embodiment, each time that one write request entry is recorded in one first database table, the storage management device updates at least one record in the second database table.

Methods and apparatus for recording write requests directed to a data store

A network device includes a base band processor (BBP) receiver to detect a frame in a signal. A media access controller (MAC) receiver identifies a destination address in the frame. A power management module transitions the BBP receiver to an active mode based on an estimated energy level of the signal before transitioning the MAC receiver, a processor, a MAC transmitter, and a BBP transmitter to the active mode; transitions the MAC receiver to the active mode when the frame is present after transitioning the BBP receiver to the active mode and before transitioning the processor, the MAC transmitter, and the BBP transmitter to the active mode; and transitions the processor to the active mode based on the destination address after transitioning the BBP receiver and the MAC receiver to the active mode and before transitioning the MAC transmitter and the BBP transmitter to the active mode.

Wireless LAN power savings

A storage management device can receive a request for a modification history for a location within a data store, determine one or more times at which at least a portion of data stored at the location was modified, and transmit the one or more determined times.

Systems and methods for providing a modification history for a location within a data store

A communications system includes multiple processors (14, 16) and a protocol timer (18). The protocol timer (18) controls the timing of events in the communications system and operates autonomously after it is loaded with initial instructions by one of the multiple processors (14, 16). The protocol timer (18) utilizes a frame event table (50) and a macro event table (46, 48) to trigger events and to generate interrupts of the multiple processors (14, 16). By allowing the protocol timer (18) to operate autonomously, the processors (14, 16) are relieved of timing control, and can be powered down when not in use, thus reducing power consumption of the communications system. Also, by using the protocol timer (18) to control the timing of events, software related errors and interrupt latencies are reduced.

Data processing system having a protocol timer for autonomously providing time based interrupts

The invention provides an apparatus and a method for generating spread spectrum clock signals, the method comprising the steps of: (1.a) determining a relationship R between a fundamental period T of a clock signal and a period offset DT; (1.b) receiving a clock signal having the fundamental period T; (1.c) of adjusting the delay step DS so that the spread spectrum clock signal to be produced during step (1.d) has a period that ranges between (T−DT) and (T+DT). (1.d) producing a spread spectrum clock signal having a period that ranges between (T−DT) and (T+DT). Steps (1.c) and (1.d) can be repeated either constantly, in manner that compensated for either variations in the delay step, in the variable delay period and/or for changes in the fundamental period.

An adjustable spread spectrum clock generator and a method thereof

A mobile radio ( 10 ) with a synchronization apparatus ( 14 ) executes a method ( 60 ) for time synchronizing the radio ( 10 ) and a base station ( 12 ). Base station ( 12 ) and radio ( 10 ) have internal timers ( 26, 16 ). A control unit ( 18 ) in the radio ( 10 ) receives a signal ( 29 ) from the base station ( 12 ) and determines the difference F between timers ( 26, 16, 30 ) in the base ( 12 ) and mobile ( 10 ). The control unit ( 18 ) writes instructions I(i) and their execution times T(i) to a memory ( 42 ) within the radio ( 10 ). One of these instructions I(N) reloads the radio timing counter ( 30 ) with a corrected value C=f(F,B) at a predetermined time T(N)=B which avoids conflicts with other operations of the radio ( 10 ).

Radio with synchronization apparatus and method therefore

A multi-mode mobile communication device capable of communicating with more than one mobile communication system simultaneously has a timer ( 400 ) for arbitrating between transmit events of two communication systems. The mobile communication device assigns a priority to each of the two communication systems, and when a transmit event conflict arises, it is resolved in favor of the system having the higher priority. The timer includes a delta timer ( 426 ) for timing the duration of transmit events. If the mobile communication device is engaged in a transmit event in one system, and a transmit event arises in the second system, the mobile communication device checks the delta timer. If the timer is not zeroed, the mobile communication device then checks priority of the events, and transmits whichever event has priority.

Method and apparatus for arbitrating transmit events in a multimode communication device

of EP0959575A radio (10) with a burst event execution and time synchronization apparatus (16) executes instructions during and after performing time synchronization between a mobile unit and a base station. Both base station (12) and mobile radio (10) have internal timer units (26, 16). Mobile radio (10) timing unit (16) is reset during synchronization between the mobile radio (10) and the base station (12). The control unit (18) writes instructions I(i) including their execution times T(i) to a memory bank (42) within the mobile radio (10). Execution logic (32) within mobile radio (10) executes instruction operands O(i) when execution time T(i) is equal or smaller then a timing count signal received from the timer unit (16). When a time synchronization reset causes the radio (10) time count to jump past queued instructions they can be executed immediately in a burst or delayed until the next communication frame.

Electonic device with burst event execution apparatus and method therefore

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