Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Background: 1. Introduction 2. Types of rivers 3. Non-regime channels Part II. Upstream Controls: 4. History 5. Tectonics and relief 6. Lithology 7. Climate: hydrology 8. Humans Part III. Fixed Local Controls: 9. Bedrock: alluvium 10. Tributaries 11. Active tectonics 12. Valley morphology Part IV. Variable Local Controls: 13. Floods 14. Vegetation 15. Accidents Part V. Downstream Controls: 16. Base-level 17. Length Part VI. Rivers and Humans: 18. Applications 19. Some unintended consequences 20. River impact on ancient civilisations: a hypothesis References Index.

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River Variability and Complexity

The ancient world

Traditional approaches to the study of political economy are flawed in two respects. First, traditional approaches have submerged political economy within a discussion of political development and the evolution of complex society. Second, they have emphasized single dimensions of the economy such as production or distribution of resources as being the basis for political power. Current research has demonstrated that political economies are a mix of many different resource mobilization strategies that crosscut the production, service, and distribution sectors of the society. Archaeologists must attempt to identify this mix of strategies as a first step in reconstructing the structure of prehistoric political economy. Elites strive to control and mobilize resources from as many different sources as possible and invoke a common set of principles in doing so. These principles or components of the political economy are the accumulation, context, matrix control, and ideology principles. They are identified here as common mechanisms of resource creation, manipulation, and expropriation that can be applied to societies at different times and at different levels of organization.

Political economy and archaeology: Perspectives on exchange and production

Application of evolutionary principles to epidemiological problems indicates that cultural characteristics influence the evolution of parasite virulence by influencing the success of disease transmission from immobilized, infected hosts. This hypothesis is supported by positive correlations between virulence and transmission by biological vectors, water, and institutional attendants. The general evolutionary argument is then applied to the causes and consequences of increased virulence for three diseases: cholera, influenza and AIDS.

Transmission modes and the evolution of virulence : With special reference to cholera, influenza, and AIDS.

Notes on Contributors. 1. Introduction: Searching for Peace in the Ancient World: Kurt A. Raaflaub (Brown University). 2. Making War and Making Peace in Early China: Robin D. S. Yates (McGill University in Montreal). 3. Ancient India: Peace Within and War Without: Richard Salomon (University of Pennsylvania). 4. Water under the Straw: Peace in Mesopotamia: Benjamin R. Foster (Yale University). 5. Making, Preserving, and Breaking the Peace with the Hittite State: Richard Beal (University of Chicago). 6. Conflict and Reconciliation in the Ancient Middle East: The Clash of Egyptian and Hittite Chariots in Syria and the World's First Peace Treaty between "Superpowers": Lanny Bell (Brown University). 7. From Achaemenid Imperial Order to Sasanian Diplomacy: War, Peace, and Reconciliation in Pre-Islamic Iran: Josef Wiesehofer (University of Munster). 8. War and Reconciliation in the Traditions of Ancient Israel: Historical, Literary, and Ideological Considerations: Susan Niditch (Amherst College). 9. "They Shall Beat their Swords into Plowshares": A Vision of Peace through Justice and Its Background in the Hebrew Bible: Thomas Kruger (University of Zurich). 10. 'Laughing for Joy': War and Peace Among the Greeks: Lawrence Tritle (University of Chicago). 11. War and Reconciliation in Greek Literature: David Konstan (Brown University). 12. War, Peace, and International Law in Ancient Greece: Victor Alonso (University of La Coruna in Spain). 13. War and Peace, Fear and Reconciliation at Rome: Nathan Rosenstein (Ohio State University). 14. The Price of Peace in Ancient Rome: Carlin A. Barton (University of Massachusetts at Amherst). 15. The Gates of War (and Peace): Roman Literary Perspectives: Jeri DeBrohun (Brown University). 16. Early Christian Views on Violence, War, and Peace: Louis Swift (University of Kentucky). 17. Fight for God-But Do So with Kindness: Reflections on War, Peace, and Communal Identity in Early Islam: Fred M. Donner (University of Chicago). 18. Peace, Reconciliation, and Alliance in Aztec Mexico: Ross Hassig (independent scholar). 19. War and Peace in the Inca Heartland: Catherine Julien (Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo). 20. The Long Peace Among Iroquois Nation: Neta C. Crawford (Boston University).

War and Peace in the Ancient World

Civilizations of the Indus Valley and Beyond

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Civilizations of the Indus Valley and Beyond