With the fast progression of digital data exchange in electronic way, information security is becoming much more important in data storage and transmission. Cryptography has come up as a solution which plays a vital role in information security system against malicious attacks. This security mechanism uses some algorithms to scramble data into unreadable text which can be only being decoded or decrypted by party those possesses the associated key. These algorithms consume a significant amount of computing resources such as CPU time, memory and computation time. In this paper two most widely used symmetric encryption techniques i.e. data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) have been implemented using MATLAB software. After the implementation, these techniques are compared on some points. These points are avalanche effect due to one bit variation in plaintext keeping the key constant, avalanche effect due to one bit variation in key keeping the plaintext constant, memory required for implementation and simulation time required for encryption.

Performance evaluation of cryptographic algorithms: DES and AES

A symmetric block cipher employing a substitution-permutation duo is an effective technique for the provision of information security. For substitution, modern block ciphers use one or more substitution boxes (S-Boxes). Certain criteria and design principles are fulfilled and followed for the construction of a good S-Box. In this paper, an innovative technique to construct substitution-boxes using our cubic fractional transformation (CFT) is presented. The cryptographic strength of the proposed S-box is critically evaluated against the state of the art performance criteria of strong S-boxes, including bijection, nonlinearity, bit independence criterion, strict avalanche effect, and linear and differential approximation probabilities. The performance results of the proposed S-Box are compared with recently investigated S-Boxes to prove its cryptographic strength. The simulation and comparison analyses validate that the proposed S-Box construction method has adequate efficacy to generate efficient candidate S-Boxes for usage in block ciphers.

https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/3/245/pdf

A Novel Construction of Efficient Substitution-Boxes Using Cubic Fractional Transformation.

In this paper, we propose to present a novel technique for designing cryptographically strong substitution-boxes using cubic polynomial mapping. The proposed cubic polynomial mapping is proficient to map the input sequence to a strong 8 × 8 S-box meeting the requirements of a bijective function. The use of cubic polynomial maintains the simplicity of S-box construction method and found consistent when compared with other existing S-box techniques used to construct S-boxes. An example proposed S-box is obtained which is analytically evaluated using standard performance criteria including nonlinearity, bijection, bit independence, strict avalanche effect, linear approximation probability, and differential uniformity. The performance results are equated with some recently scrutinized S-boxes to ascertain its cryptographic forte. The critical analyses endorse that the proposed S-box construction technique is considerably innovative and effective to generate cryptographic strong substitution-boxes.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/3/437/pdf

An Innovative Design of Substitution-Boxes Using Cubic Polynomial Mapping

In these days use of digital data exchange is increasing day by day in every field Information security plays very important role in storing and transmitting the data When we transmit a multimedia data such as audio, video, images etc over the network, cryptography provides security In cryptography, we encode data before sending it and decode it on receiving, for this purpose, we use many cryptographic algorithms AES and DES are most commonly used cryptographic algorithms AES provides the encryption to secure the data before the transmission and DES also provides security as AES In this paper we discussed AES and DES and their comparison using MATLAB software After applying AES and DES, we compare their result on the basis of avalanche effect, simulation time and memory required by AES and DES

DES and AES performance evaluation

Internet and networks applications are growing very fast. So the importance and the value of the exchanged data over the internet are increasing. Information Security has been very important issue in data communication. Any loss or threat to information can prove to be great loss to the organization. Encryption technique plays a main role in information security systems. This paper provides a fair comparison between four most common and used symmetric key algorithms: DES, 3DES,AES and Blowfish. A comparison has been made on the basis of these parameters: rounds, block size, key size, encryption/decryption time, CPU process time in the form of throughput and power consumption. These results show that blowfish is more suitable than AES. Simulation program is implemented using Java programming.

/pdf/evaluation-of-performance-of-the-symmetric-key-algorithms-2dx9j74ejk.pdf

Evaluation of performance of the Symmetric Key Algorithms: DES, 3DES ,AES and Blowfish

CT or MRI Medical imaging produces a digital form of human body pictures. There exists a need for compression of these images for storage and communication purposes. Current compression schemes provide a very high compression rate with a considerable loss of quality. In medicine, it is necessary to have high image quality in the region of interest, i.e. diagnostically important regions. So, ROI part can be compressed with the help of the Lossless compression, whereas the Non Region of interest part can be compressed with the help of Lossy compression as it is of lesser importance for diagnosis. In this paper Region of interest part is extracted with the help of thresholding method of segmentation and compressed with the help of SPIHT Algorithm thus producing a good quality image and NROI part is compressed with the help of Haar wavelet transform. Our algorithm provides better PSNR values for medical images.

/pdf/hybrid-medical-image-compression-method-using-spiht-1lyiuzvqow.pdf

Hybrid medical image compression method using SPIHT algorithm and Haar wavelet transform

Imaging has gained importance due to the improvements of performances in computer speed, media storage and network bandwidth. Along with this advancement, the fundamental issue of image security has become a major concern and because of this reason, research in image confidentiality has gained popularity amongst security experts. In this paper, a novel quasi pseudo random based Genetic algorithm for data encryption has been proposed. The encryption by this method is such that the real time signal can be transformed into completely disordered data. The proposed algorithm improves the scrambling efficiency with less memory usage requirement.

An improved evolutionary algorithm for secured image using adaptive genetic algorithm

Image segmentation is one of the difficult research problems in the machine vision industry and pattern recognition. Thresholding is a simple but effective method to separate objects from the background. A commonly used method the Otsu method to improves the image segmentation effect obviously. It’s simpler and easier to implement. However it fails if the histogram is unimodal or close to unimodal. Under studying the principle of the Otsu method, an improved threshold image segmentation algorithm based on the Otsu method is developed. Because the optical threshold should near the cross where the object and the background intersect, the probability of occurrence at the threshold value should divide into two parts. Its half belongs to object and half belongs to background. Then we apply a new weight to the Otsu method, this weight can make sure that the result threshold value will always reside at the valley of the two peaks or at the bottom rim of a single peak. Moreover, it ensures that both the variance of .the object and the variance of the background keep away from the variance of the whole image. Keywords— image segmentation, Otsu method, threshold, histogram. Introduction In many applications of image processing, the gray levels of pixels belonging to the object are substantially different from the gray levels of the pixels belonging to the background. Thresholding then becomes a simple but effective tool to separate objects from the background. Thresholding technique has been widely used in machine vision Industry and image analysis. Over the years many image thresholding have been developed, the most often used method including: Minimum error thresholding, the Otsu method, Momentpreserving thresholding and so on. More recent studies about this subject can be found inSauvola and Pietikainen [12], and Sahoo [11] and so on. Otsu [10] proposed a dynamic thresholding selection method in 1979. This, in turn, fuelled interest in image-based texture synthesis algorithms. Such an algorithm should be able to take a sample of texture and generate an unlimited amount of image data which, while not exactly like the original, will be perceived by humans to be the same texture. There are however typical functions which are found in many computer vision systems. In image segmentation, the objects range from no defect, small defect, to large defect. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 6, August 2012 ISSN: 2278-0181

/pdf/an-improved-image-segmentation-algorithm-based-on-otsu-1wb12uqz2q.pdf

An Improved Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Otsu Method

This is new image encryption method where image is incrypted by simple specific rule that is rearrangement of pixles. In this paper, we present Image encryption and decryption by using partition and scanning pattern which is related to scan methodology. SCAN language is based on spatial accessing methodology that can generate a wide range of scanning paths. This paper presents a brief over view of encryption and decryption algorithm, implemented in MATLAB environment and tested on various images.

/pdf/a-novel-approach-of-image-encryption-and-decryption-by-using-1j9d5u7buy.pdf

A Novel Approach Of Image Encryption And Decryption By Using Partition And Scanning Pattern

/pdf/image-compression-using-huffman-coding-based-on-histogram-552p1wr088.pdf

Image Compression Using Huffman Coding Based On Histogram Information And Image Segmentation

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