Monalisa Chatterjee

Abstract: ion and from groundwater resources (medium confidence), in the context of increased demand (from agriculture, energy and industry, and domestic use) and cross-sectoral implications that are not fully understood. {23.4.3, 23.9.1} Some adaptation is possible through uptake of more water-efficient technologies and water-saving strategies. {23.4.3, 23.7.2} Climate change will change the geographic distribution of wine grape varieties (high confidence) and this will reduce the value of wine products and the livelihoods of local wine communities in Southern and Continental Europe (medium confidence) and increase production in Northern Europe (low confidence). {23.4.1, 23.3.5, 23.5.4; Box 23-2} Some adaptation is possible through technologies and good practice. {Box 23-2} Climate warming will increase forest productivity in Northern Europe (medium confidence), {23.4.4} although damage from pests and diseases in all sub-regions will increase due to climate change (high confidence). {23.4.4} Wildfire risk in Southern Europe (high confidence) and damages from storms in Central Europe (low confidence) may also increase due to climate change. {23.4.4} Climate change is likely to cause ecological and socioeconomic damages from shifts in forest tree species range (from southwest to northeast) (medium confidence), and in pest species distributions (low confidence). {23.4.4} Forest management measures can enhance ecosystem resilience (medium confidence).