Sorghum is the fifth most produced cereal in the world and is a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for the human diet. We summarize the recent findings concerning the nutrients and bioactive compounds of sorghum and its potential impact on human health, analyzing the limitations and positive points of the studies and proposing directions for future research. Sorghum is basically composed of starch, which is more slowly digested than that of other cereals, has low digestibility proteins and unsaturated lipids, and is a source of some minerals and vitamins. Furthermore, most sorghum varieties are rich in phenolic compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and tannins. The results obtained in vitro and in animals have shown that phenolics compounds and fat soluble compounds (polycosanols) isolated from sorghum benefit the gut microbiota and parameters related to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer, and hypertension. The effects of whole sorghum and its fractions on human health need to be evaluated. In conclusion, sorghum is a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, tannins, and polycosanols, which beneficially modulate, in vitro and in animals, parameters related to noncommunicable diseases. Studies should be conducted to evaluate the effects of different processing on protein and starch digestibility of sorghum as well as on the profile and bioavailability of its bioactive compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and tannins. Furthermore, the benefits resulting from the interaction of bioactive compounds in sorghum and human microbiota should be studied.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.): Nutrients, bioactive compounds, and potential impact on human health.

Pistacia, a genus of flowering plants from the family Anacardiaceae, contains about twenty species, among them five are more popular including P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus. Different parts of these species have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes like tonic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, antihypertensive and management of dental, gastrointestinal, liver, urinary tract, and respiratory tract disorders. Scientific findings also revealed the wide pharmacological activities from various parts of these species, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antidiabetic, antitumor, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, and hepatoprotective activities and also their beneficial effects in gastrointestinal disorders. Various types of phytochemical constituents like terpenoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and sterols have also been isolated and identified from different parts of Pistacia species. The present review summarizes comprehensive information concerning ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of the five mentioned Pistacia species.

/pdf/five-pistacia-species-p-vera-p-atlantica-p-terebinthus-p-2cttc4j018.pdf

Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): A Review of Their Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Objective
To investigate the changes in total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, vitamin E, β-carotene and antioxidant activity during soaking of three white sorghum varieties.

Biochemical changes in phenols, flavonoids, tannins, vitamin E, β-carotene and antioxidant activity during soaking of three white sorghum varieties.

2.3. Amides and Lactams 3435 2.4. Imides 3448 2.5. Thiophenes 3451 2.6. Thiazolines, Thiazoles, and Thiazines 3454 2.7. Dithiazoles 3456 2.8. Thiadiazoles 3456 2.9. Imidazolines and Pyrimidines 3456 2.10. Alcohols 3458 2.11. PdO to PdS 3461 2.12. Reduction 3462 2.13. Nucleotides, Purines, and Pyrimidines 3463 2.14. Miscellaneous 3467 2.15. P4S10 vs Lawesson’s Reagent (LR) 3473 3. Conclusion 3473 4. Acknowledgments 3473 5. References 3473

A Berzelius Reagent, Phosphorus Decasulfide (P4S10), in Organic Syntheses

For thousands of years, plant has been widely applied in the medical area and is an important part of human diet. A high content of nutrients could be found in all kinds of plants, and the most outstanding group of nutrients that attracts scientists' attention is the high level of phenolic compounds. Due to the relationship between high phenolic compound content and high antioxidant capacity, plant extracts are expected to become a potential treatment for oxidation stress diseases including diabetes and cancer. However, according to the instability of phenolic compounds to light and oxygen, there are certain difficulties in the extraction of such compounds. But after many years of development, the extraction technology of phenolic compounds has been quite stable, and the only problem is how to obtain high-quality extracts with high efficiency. To further enhance the value of plant extracts, concentration and separation methods are often applied, and when detailed analysis is required, characterization methods including HPLC and LC/GC-MS will be applied to evaluate the number and type of phenolic compounds. A series of antioxidant assays are widely performed in numerous studies to test the antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts, which is also an important basis for evaluating value of extracts. This paper intends to provide a view of a variety of methods used in plants' phenolic compound extraction, separation, and characterization. Furthermore, this review presents the advantages and disadvantages of techniques involved in phenolic compound research and provides selected representative bibliographic examples. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-022-23337-6.pdf

Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds and their potential antioxidant activities

In this work, the ethyl acetate extract from the gals of Pistacia atlantica has been studied as inhibitor mild steel X52 in hydrochloric acid (1M HCl) solution using weight loss, polarization and AC impedance methods have been used the corrosion inhibition efficiency increases on increasing plant extract concentration. Polarisation studies showed that Pistacia atlantica extract gals were cathodic – type inhibitors in 1M HCl. Adsorption characteristic of the extract were approxilated by the Langmuir isotherm.

Green approach to corrosion inhibition by ethyl acetate extract from Pistacia atlantica gals in hydrochloric acid solution

Background: Lawsonia alba seed oils are not widely used commercially even though theyhave characteristics that well suit for industrial applications and can contribute to healthy humandiets. The most important aim of the present work is the evaluation of the tocopherols composition ofthese oils. Moreover, lipid classes, fatty acids compositions and antioxidant activity of the seed oilswere also investigated.Methods: Lawsonia alba seed oils were extracted with Soxhlet device using n-hexane andchloroform/methanol. Tocopherols were analyzed by HPLC, and then their antioxidant activitieswere determined using two different assays: DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), andPhosphomolybdenum.Results: The content of the oils ranged from 7.52 to 10.45%. Polyunsaturated fatty acids dominatedall the studied samples. Linoleic, followed by palmitic and oleic, were the major fatty acids found inthe crude seed oils and their lipid classes. Results of tocopherols identification showed that the seedoils were rich in tocopherols, especially γ- and δ- tocopherols. For DPPH assay, the antioxidantpowers varied from medium to low values (IC50 = 0.11 to >31.96 mg/mL). The results of thePhosphomolybdenum assay showed very important activities of the oils that were decreasing in thefollowing order: polar lipids > neutral lipids (Chloroform/Methanol) > total lipids > neutral lipids(n-hexane).Conclusion: this current report reveals the richness of the Lawsonia alba seeds in tocopherols, whichin fact is studied for the first time. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that fatty acid composition ofthe seed oils of Lawsonia alba were very close to those of Walnut.

/pdf/lipid-classes-fatty-acids-tocopherols-compositions-and-3qbhc90wvi.pdf

Lipid Classes, Fatty Acids, Tocopherols Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Lawsonia alba Seed Oils Growing in Algeria

In the present research the crude extract and all fractions of Moringa oleifra leaves grown in Tamanrasset, were examined for its antioxidant activities by using three different assays such as DPPH scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity and phosphomolybdenum capacity.The quantitative estimation of total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins content additionally was calculated by spectrophotometric methods.The results showed that the extracts contained total phenolic compound at concentration of 32.985±0.07 to 309.418 ± 0.71 (mg GAE/g EW) and higher total flavonoids contents of 5.192 ± 0.17 to 44.695 ± 0.23 (mg QE/g EW), for total tannins contents of 3.864 ±0.07 to 15.148 ± 0.66 (mg/g). It also this experiment found out that each extract confirmed a good antioxidant. Consequently, it can be concluded that the phenolic compounds content may be answerable for the good activities of Moringa oleifra leaves.

/pdf/influence-of-phenolic-compounds-on-antioxidant-capacity-of-7apkeyg84a.pdf

Influence of phenolic compounds on antioxidant capacity of leaves extracts of moringa oleifera from tamanrasset region

GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oils of Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Origanum majorana L. Grown in Eastern Algeria

Assessment of antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 1,2-dithiole-3-thione derivatives by using cyclic voltammetry, spectroscopic, and molecular docking studies

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