This review briefly elucidates the research undertaken and benefits of using aromatic plants for remediation of heavy metal polluted sites. A sustainable approach to mitigate heavy metal contamination of environment is need of the hour. Phytoremediation has emerged to be one of the most preferable choices for combating the metal pollution problem. Aromatic plants can be used for remediation of contaminated sites as they are non-food crops thus minimizing the risk of food chain contamination. Most promising aromatic plants for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites have been identified from families - Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Geraniaceae. They act as potential phytostabilisers, hyper accumulators, bio-monitors, and facultative metallophytes. Being high value economic crops, monetary benefits can be obtained by growing them in tainted areas instead of food crops. It has been observed that heavy metal stress enhances the essential oil percentage of certain aromatic crops. Research conducted on some major aromatic plants in this context has been highlighted in the present review which suggests that aromatic plants hold a great potential for phytoremediation. It has been reported that essential oil from aromatic crops is not contaminated by heavy metals significantly. Thus, aromatic plants are emerging as an ideal candidate for phytoremediation. Highlights • Aromatic plants hold a great potential for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites. • Being high value economic crops, monetary benefits can be obtained by growing them in contaminated areas instead of food crops. • Research done on some major aromatic plants in this context has been highlighted in the present review.

Suitability of aromatic plants for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas: a review.

Challenges in microbially and chelate-assisted phytoextraction of cadmium and lead - A review.

The aim of this study was to assess EDTA-assisted Pb and Cd phytoextraction potential of locally grown Pelargonium hortorum and Pelargonium zonale. Plants were exposed to different levels of Pb (0–...

EDTA-assisted phytoextraction of lead and cadmium by Pelargonium cultivars grown on spiked soil.

Eukaryotic microalgae serve as indicators of environmental change when exposed to severe seasonal fluctuations. Several environmental stress conditions are known to produce reactive oxygen species in cellular compartments, resulting in oxidative damage and apoptosis. The study of cell death in higher plants and animals has revealed the existence of an active ‘programmed cell death’ (PCD) process and similarities between such processes suggest an evolutionary origin. A study was undertaken to examine the morphological, biochemical and molecular responses of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii after exposure to oxidative (10 mM H2O2) and osmotic (200 mM NaCl and 360 mM sorbitol) stress. Concentrations of H2O2 (2–50 mM), NaCl and sorbitol (100–800 mM) were negatively correlated with growth. Biochemical analyses showed an increase in intracellular H2O2 production (2.2-fold with H2O2 and ~1.2–1.4-fold with NaCl and sorbitol) and activities of some antioxidant enzymes [super oxide dismutase (SO...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09670262.2015.1070437

Programmed cell death is induced by hydrogen peroxide but not by excessive ionic stress of sodium chloride in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Purpose: The antiseptic qualities of aromatic and medicinal plants and their extracts have been recognized since antiquity, while attempts to characterize these properties in the laboratory date back the beginning of the XXth century. In the current study essential oils obtained from Pelargonium roseum (Geraniacea) were analyzed for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Method: The antimicrobial activity of the Pelargonium essential oil was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and fungi (Candida albicans). Disc diffusion method was used to study antimicrobial activity.
Results: Inhibition zones showed that the studied essential oils were active against all of the studied bacteria. In the case of Candida albicans, the complete inhibition of the fungus’s development was observed. In the cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus we observed an inhibition comparable to that obtained by the use of an appropriate antimicrobial substance.
Conclusion: The volatile oils exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all the organisms under test, in some cases comparable with those of the reference antibiotics. There were no considerable differences between the antimicrobial activities of the oil obtained by distillation and commercially available Pelargonium oils.

https://journals.tbzmed.ac.ir/APB/Manuscript/APB-4-511.pdf

Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity of Pelargonium roseum Essential Oils.

The major objective of this investigation was to evaluate the potential of scented geraniums, Pelargonium roseum, to uptake and accumulate heavy metals nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), or lead (Pb). For this, plants were grown in an artificial soil system and exposed to a range of metal concentrations over a 14-day treatment period. Then, metals from the entire biomass were extracted. The results showed that scented geranium plants accumulated in excess of 20,055 mg of Ni kg−1 dry weight (DW) of root and 10,889 mg of Ni kg−1 DW of shoot, and in excess of 86,566 mg of Pb kg−1 DW for roots and 4,416 mg of Pb kg−1 DW for shoots within 14 days. Also, the uptake and accumulation of cadmium in roots of scented geranium plants increased with the exposure at low (250, 500 mg L−1) and medium level (750 mg L−1) followed by a decline at the highest level (1,000 mg L−1). The highest accumulation in roots (31,267 mg kg−1 DW) was observed in 750 mg L−1 cadmium treatment. In the shoots of scented geraniums, the highest amount of metal accumulation (1,957 mg kg−1 DW) was detected at 750 and 1,000 mg L−1 of cadmium in the culture solution. Finally, since the high concentrations of Ni or Pb accumulated in shoots of scented geranium has far exceeded 0.1 % DW and for Cd has far exceeded 0.01 % DW, P. roseum is a new hyperaccumulator species for these metals and can be used in phytoremediation industry.

/pdf/the-high-potential-of-pelargonium-roseum-plant-for-43d05o4hqm.pdf

The high potential of Pelargonium roseum plant for phytoremediation of heavy metals

Salt stress is one of the most serious problems in agriculture and can induce apoptosis in plants. Cell death is induced by two modes: apoptosis and necrosis. We used a TUNEL assay and DNA gel electrophoresis on NaCl-treated cells of rice root to morphologically distinguish the mode of cell death in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars. The results indicated that 500 mmol/L NaCl treatments could lead to specific features of apoptosis in root tips in both cultivars, such as DNA ladder, nuclear condense and deformation, and transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling positive reaction, which were initiated at 4h of treatment and progressed thereafter.

/pdf/salinity-induced-apoptosis-in-root-meristematic-cells-of-1lpvgff2wq.pdf

Salinity Induced Apoptosis in Root Meristematic Cells of Rice

Background: Silicon is a beneficial element for the plant, with the primary role in increasing plant resistance to heavy metals' toxicity and considering the importance of phytoremediation to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. It could be used for the exogenous application for alleviating the harmful effects of heavy metals on the plant. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of Silicon in balancing the destructive effects of aluminum on Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Methods: the seedlings were grown under a hydroponic system using Long Ashton nutrient solution; the 15-day-old seedlings were exposed to Silicon (0, 0.5, 1.5 mM) for 110 days and afterward stressed by interactions of aluminum chloride (AlCl3.6H2O; 0, 100, 250, and 400 M). Result and Discussion: the interactive effects of Silicon significantly ameliorated the negative consequences of aluminum toxicity. The combination of Si 1.5 mM and Al 400 μM produced the highest biomass in shoots (45.67 g). The

http://www.deboni.he.com.br/arquivos_jornal/2021/37/03_YAZDANI_pgs_33_47.pdf

Mitigating aluminum toxicity in seedlings of glycyrrhiza glabra l. using silicon

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Mojtaba Yazdani

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The high potential of Pelargonium roseum plant for phytoremediation of heavy metals

Salinity Induced Apoptosis in Root Meristematic Cells of Rice

Mitigating aluminum toxicity in seedlings of glycyrrhiza glabra l. using silicon