In light of abundant sources of biomass feedstocks and regarding the higher performance in syngas-fueled-based SOFC systems, this work proposes a novel multigeneration system based on the combination of syngas-fuel SOFC, Kalina cycle, humidification-dehumidification desalination unit, and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. This system is designed for simultaneous production of power, heating, freshwater, and hydrogen. Comprehensive energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, environmental, and economic analyses have been conducted to evaluate its performance. The optimum input biomasses, gasification agents, and operating conditions were determined using a coupled approach of an artificial neural network, multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, and the Linear Programming Technique for Multidimensional Analysis of Preference decision-making method. Under base input conditions, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed system were found to be 53.66 % and 38.2 %, respectively. The system also demonstrated the capability to produce 0.1633 kg/s of freshwater and generate a net power output of 377.6 kW. The results indicate that using oxygen-enriched air in the gasification process notably enhances efficiency while reducing emissions. Straw and CO₂ were identified as the optimal feedstock and gasification agent, yielding an exergy efficiency of 42.71 % and a total product cost of 6.29 $/GJ at the optimum point. Moreover, with a selling price of $0.20/kWh for electricity and a fuel cost of $6/GJ, the system can achieve total revenue of approximately $1.65 million with a payback period of 4.01 years. These findings underscore the proposed plant's profitability under specific pricing conditions, making it an attractive investment opportunity. 

Optimization of a syngas-fueled SOFC-based multigeneration system: Enhanced performance with biomass and gasification agent selection

This work presents novel energy production/storage/usage systems to reduce energy use and environmental effects, in order to address concerns about excessive heating demand/emissions in buildings. This focus is the design, control, and comparison of a biomass-fired model with a novel heater type and a solar-driven system integrated with photovoltaic thermal (PVT) panels and a heat pump. The heater has an external boiler and shell and tube heat exchanger, providing enhanced control over the combustion process and increased efficiency. Another feature of the present work is establishing a rule-based automation framework to manage the energy storage/flow among the components/grid/building. This smart integration reduces the size of the components, eliminates the need for a battery, and allows the system to interact in both directions with the electricity grid. The practicality of both systems is assessed and compared via a code developed in TRNSYS-MATLAB, considering the specific conditions of Toronto, Canada, characterized by high heat demand in winter. According to the results, the proposed solar-based system has an acceptable energy cost (78.9 USD per MWh of heating and electricity) attributable to the developed controllers applied to thermal energy storage. The results show that the PVT-based system integrated with a heat pump is environmentally superior, with a reduction in CO2 emission of 7.2 tonnes over a year. However, the biomass-fired system is an excellent option from the aspect of efficiency, with a relatively high energy efficiency of 69 %. Also, it is observed that the night set-back of the supply temperature can reduce the annual primary energy use and emission up to 60.3 MWh and 21.1 t, respectively. While the system relies more on the heat pump in cold months, the solar energy system supplies the entire demand in summer, demonstrating the significance of PVT and heat pump integration to increase energy reliability throughout the year. 

Comparison of control strategies for efficient thermal energy storage to decarbonize residential buildings in cold climates: A focus on solar and biomass sources

This article proposes a cutting-edge smart building design that contributes to sustainable development objectives by fostering clean energy, facilitating sustainable cities and communities, and promoting responsible consumption and production. The main goal is to create a clever rule-based framework that will boost the penetration of renewable energy in local grids, reduce the size of the components and, consequently, investment costs, and promote the shift towards a more environmentally friendly future. The system is driven by photovoltaic thermal panels, a novel biomass heater scheme, and a scaled-down heat pump to supply the entire energy demands of multi-family houses. The grey wolf optimizer and a cascade forward neural network model achieve the most optimal condition. According to the results, the suggested smart model outperforms the conventional Swedish system, with an energy cost of 121.2 €/MWh and a low emission index of 11.2 kg/MWh. The results show that knowing how biomass price changes affect the heat pump's operational mode is crucial to ensuring the system's economic viability. In comparison to the design condition, the optimized model increased efficiency by 3.8% while decreasing overall cost (2.1 €/h), emission index (4.4 kg/MWh), and energy costs (29.9 $/MWh). The results further demonstrate that the heat pump meets the vast majority of the year's heating needs, but as electricity prices rise in December, the biomass heater becomes the principal energy provider. May is the month with the lowest average monthly cost, while December and July stand out as the most expensive months of the year due to a dramatic increase in demand. Eventually, the results show that the system runs without external energy sources through the designed optimal control framework and generates excess electricity for around half the year. 

Grid-tied solar and biomass hybridization for multi-family houses in Sweden: An optimal rule-based control framework through machine learning approach

Development of the multigeneration plants based on the simultaneous production of water and energy can solve many of the current problems of these two major fields. In addition, the integration of fossil power plants with waste heat recovery processes in order to prevent the release of pollutants in the environment can simultaneously cover the environmental and thermodynamic improvements. Besides, the addition of a carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing cycles with such plants is a key issue towards a sustainable environment. Accordingly, a novel waste heat recovery-based multigeneration plant integrated with a carbon dioxide separation/liquefaction cycle is proposed and investigated under multi-variable assessments (energy/exergy, financial, and environmental). The offered multigeneration system is able to generate various beneficial outputs (electricity, liquefied CO2 (L-CO2), natural gas (NG), and freshwater). In the offered system, the liquified natural gas (LNG) cold energy is used to carry out condensation processes, which is a relatively new idea. Based on the results, the outputs rates of net power, NG, L-CO2, and water were determined to be approximately 42.72 MW and 18.01E+03, 612 and 3.56E+03 kmol/h, respectively. Moreover, the multigeneration plant was efficient about 32.08% and 87.72%, respectively, in terms of energy and exergy. Economic estimates indicated that the unit product costs of electricity and liquefied carbon dioxide production, respectively, were around 0.0466 USD per kWh and 0.0728 USD per kg-CO2. Finally, the total released CO2 was about 0.034 kg per kWh. According to a comprehensive comparison, the offered multigeneration plant can provide superior environmental, thermodynamic, and economic performances compared to similar plants. Moreover, there was no need to purchase electricity from the grid. 

A fuel gas waste heat recovery-based multigeneration plant integrated with a LNG cold energy process, a water desalination unit, and a CO2 separation process

A novel carbon-negative olefins and green hydrogen (H2) cogeneration system utilizing biomass and solar energy has been proposed, providing a new solution for the high value-added conversion of biomass and solar energy. The entire system mainly includes two parts: biomass-to-olefins (BTO) and photovoltaic-based H2 production (PVHP). Solar energy was used to produce green H2 to utilize redundant carbon dioxide (CO2) and achieve zero CO2 emissions during production. Three cities in China with a demand for the petrochemical industry and abundant solar energy were selected as the research objects, and five types of biomasses were analyzed. A comprehensive evaluation of the proposed system was conducted through energy, exergy, and techno-economic analyses. The results indicated that the annual production of ethylene and propylene are both between 4550 and 5500 t. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the BTO subsystem are both between 55 % and 65 %. According to the techno-economic results, using rice straw as the biomass feed is the best, and the cost can be recovered within 8.5 years. In the future, with the development of PV technology leading to cost reduction, the system will demonstrate a better economy. 

Carbon-negative olefins production from biomass and solar energy via direct chemical looping

A solar-biomass system associated with CO2 capture, power generation and waste heat recovery for syngas production from rice straw and microalgae: Technological, energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and environmental assessments

The major aim of this study is to propose an economic chemical plant for conversion of biomasses into biofuels within CO2 capture which can make a big contribution to the energy demand and environmental protection. Therefore, a novel process for conversion of rice straw using sorption enhanced biomass chemical looping gasification (SE-BCLG) to butanol and pentanol is simulated in Aspen Plus V 8.8. In this regard, the wet rice straw is turned into the syngas after drying and SE-BCLG stages. Then, the butanol and pentanol are produced after acid gas removal, alcohol production and purification sections. In addition, an optimization and a techno-economic assessment are carried out to evaluate the process. The technological analysis shows that the process can produce 222.6 t.day−1 butanol and pentanol from 960 t.day−1 rice straw. The economic analysis illustrates that the total investment to start the project and the total annual operating cost of the process are MUS$ 642.707 and 43.965 MUS$.year−1, respectively. Finally, it is proved that the butanol production cost for the proposed plant is 1286.532 US$.t−1. Therefore, these results indicate that the proposed process if this study is more economic than some other studies. 

Techno-economic assessment of butanol and pentanol productions from sorption enhanced chemical looping gasification of a lignocellulosic biomass

Techno-Economic Assessment of Butanol and Pentanol Productions from Sorption Enhanced Chemical Looping Gasification of a Lignocellulosic Biomass

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A solar-biomass system associated with CO2 capture, power generation and waste heat recovery for syngas production from rice straw and microalgae: Technological, energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and environmental assessments

Techno-economic assessment of butanol and pentanol productions from sorption enhanced chemical looping gasification of a lignocellulosic biomass

Techno-Economic Assessment of Butanol and Pentanol Productions from Sorption Enhanced Chemical Looping Gasification of a Lignocellulosic Biomass