Bioactive compounds from natural sources, due to their widely-recognized benefits, have been exploited as cosmeceutical ingredients. Among them, phenolic acids emerge with a very interesting potential. In this context, this review analyzes hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives as multifunctional ingredients for topical application, as well as the limitations associated with their use in cosmetic formulations. Hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives display antioxidant, anti-collagenase, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-tyrosinase activities, as well as ultraviolet (UV) protective effects, suggesting that they can be exploited as anti-aging and anti-inflammatory agents, preservatives and hyperpigmentation-correcting ingredients. Due to their poor stability, easy degradation and oxidation, microencapsulation techniques have been employed for topical application, preventing them from degradation and enabling a sustained release. Based on the above findings, hydroxycinnamic acids present high cosmetic potential, but studies addressing the validation of their benefits in cosmetic formulations are still scarce. Furthermore, studies dealing with skin permeation are scarcely available and need to be conducted in order to predict the topical bioavailability of these compounds after application.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/2/281/pdf

Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Derivatives: Cosmeceutical Significance, Challenges and Future Perspectives, a Review.

Targeted delivery and apoptosis induction of trans-resveratrol-ferulic acid loaded chitosan coated folic acid conjugate solid lipid nanoparticles in colon cancer cells.

Phenylpropanoids and their derivatives are plant secondary metabolites widely present in fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, beverages, spices and herbs. They are known to have multifaceted effects which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer activities and as well as exhibits renoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects. Owing to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and photoprotective properties, these compounds have wide application in the food (preservation, packaging films and edible coating), pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries such as textile (colorant), biofuel (antioxidant additive) and sensors (sensing biologically relevant molecules). Phenylpropanoids are present in commercially available dietary supplements and skin care products. In this review, we have presented the current knowledge on the biosynthesis, occurrence, biological activities of phenylpropanoids and their derivatives, along with the mechanism of action and their potential applications in various industries.

Phenylpropanoids and its derivatives: biological activities and its role in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

As colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide, colorectal cancer therapy requires new strategies for improved therapeutic effects. Recently, nanodrug carriers have emerged to weaken the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy drugs and strengthen the treatment effectiveness against colorectal cancer. In this report, ferulic acid, a plant derivative, is polycondensed into poly(ferulic acid) (PFA) for the first time to serve as an excellent drug carrier with anticancer performance. PFA self‐assembles into nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation, and the screened PFA nanoparticles (NPs) have a diameter of ≈100 nm and possess a reasonable drug‐loading capacity of ≈8.3% of paclitaxel (PTX). Evaluation of CT26 cells and a corresponding mouse model indicates remarkable inhibition of colon cancer with PTX‐loaded PFA nanoparticles (PFA@PTX NPs) treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, evaluation of blank PFA NPs in a tumor mouse model also shows tumor inhibition, confirming that PFA itself has an anticancer effect in vivo. Overall, the novel nanoparticles based on poly(ferulic acid) can not only effectively deliver chemodrugs but also provide additional anticancer therapeutic effects, providing a promising platform for clinical colon cancer therapy.

Poly(Ferulic Acid) with an Anticancer Effect as a Drug Nanocarrier for Enhanced Colon Cancer Therapy

Current applications of electrospun polymeric nanofibers in cancer therapy.

Biomedical applications of ferulic acid encapsulated electrospun nanofibers

Reliability and sustainability of power supply between already existing power network and Microgrid (MG) having DGs is ensured by both the grid connected and islanded mode of operations. The selection of mode of operation of a MG is based on technical and economic factors. The intentional islanding of the MG depends on the prevailing operating condition of grid and MG. These conditions are sensed at point of common coupling (PCC) and accordingly the switching to the mode is performed. This paper presents the detection and evaluation of operating conditions of the network at PCC, and switching to Islanded mode on the need. The conditions have been categorized for the decision of intentional Islanding. The cases under each category have been simulated on Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS®). The results have also been analyzed.

Intentional islanding of microgrid

We report the effect of evaporation rate of solvents (chloroform and chlorobenzene) over the thickness of spin coated PVK thin films and turn-on voltage of fabricated organic light emitting devices(OLEDs). In our work, experiments are performed for static dispense spin coating procedure in which the dispensed drops of PVK solution are made to wait for a finite time before spinning. It is found that the high evaporation rate solvent has higher sensitivity to wait-time-to-spin as opposed to low evaporation rate solvent. The increased turn-on voltage for devices with high evaporation rate solvent proved that the thickness of PVK thin film increases with wait time for chloroform. We observed relatively lesser change in turn-on voltages for chlorobenzene based OLEDs possibly because of low evaporation rate resulting in smaller changes in thickness of PVK layer.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8452883/8464754/08465297.pdf

Study of variation in thickness of poly(n-vinylcarbazole) [PVK] thin films in different solvents for static dispense spin coating method

Ferulic acid (FA) is a polyphenolic phytonutrient which possesses strong antiproliferative effect; however, it has limited therapeutic applications due to its physiochemical instability and low bioavailability at the tumor site. In present study, these shortcomings associated with FA were overcome by fabricating FA-encapsulated poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)/polyethylene oxide (PLGA/PEO) blend nanofibers using electrospinning technique. FESEM and fluorescence microscopic analysis imitates the smooth morphology and even distribution of FA within the polymeric nanofibers at optimum 2 wt% concentration of FA. The average diameters were recorded to be 150 ± 47.4 and 200 ± 79 nm for PLGA/PEO and FA-encapsulated PLGA/PEO nanofibers, respectively. The encapsulation, compatibility, and physical state of FA within the nanofibers were further confirmed by FTIR, TGA and XRD analysis. In vitro drug delivery studies demonstrated initial burst liberation of FA within 24 h followed by a sustained release for the subsequent time. MTT assay revealed the effectiveness of FA-encapsulated nanofibers against human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) cells as compared to control. FESEM and fluorescence microscopic analysis further confirmed the apoptotic effect of FA-encapsulated PLGA/PEO nanofibers against MCF-7. These fabricated nanofibers hold enormous potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for various biomedical applications.

/pdf/antiproliferative-activity-of-ferulic-acid-encapsulated-3rhrs9f2ik.pdf

Antiproliferative activity of ferulic acid-encapsulated electrospun PLGA/PEO nanofibers against MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells

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Biomedical applications of ferulic acid encapsulated electrospun nanofibers

Intentional islanding of microgrid

Study of variation in thickness of poly(n-vinylcarbazole) [PVK] thin films in different solvents for static dispense spin coating method

Antiproliferative activity of ferulic acid-encapsulated electrospun PLGA/PEO nanofibers against MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells