Background Cold chain logistics (CCL) is not only vital for maintaining the quality and safety of fresh agro-products and reducing losses but also provides important support to help increase farmer income and thereby promote the revitalization of rural industry in China In recent years, numerous studies have focused on improving the efficiency and sustainability of CCL, and the results have important implications for promoting innovation, applying technologies, improving facilities and equipment, and optimizing management in the CCL industry Scope and approach This review discusses active research areas, gaps in the existing state of research, and future research challenges for CCL Furthermore, we summarize the current status of China's CCL industry and technology and compare the state of CCL development in China with that in more developed countries in terms of infrastructure, data handling, and national policies Key findings and conclusions The future trends of CCL involve low carbon strategies and intelligent innovation, which are the key to meeting environmental concerns and the evolving needs of the market Advances in next-generation information technology (including IoT, blockchain, AI, etc) have significantly accelerated the modernization of CCL Meanwhile, attaining these dual objectives of a low-carbon footprint and intelligent innovation requires cooperation between national regulators, industry, consumers, and interdisciplinary experts A key finding of this review is that national policy and financial intervention in China are expected to be the main forces behind renovating infrastructure and upgrading standardization, which is required to narrow the CCL development gap between China and other more developed nations

A comprehensive review of cold chain logistics for fresh agricultural products: Current status, challenges, and future trends

In this research the evaluation of performance of R600a vapour compression system was investigated using CuO/Al2O3 hybrid nanolubricants. Three different hybrid nanolubricants concentrations of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/L was considered for this study with 70 g of R600a refrigerant. The experiment was conducted for the analysis of various important parameters such as coefficient of performance, refrigeration effect and compressor power consumption, pull down of refrigerator and transmittance of both mineral oil without nanoparticles and nanodoped mineral oil while using CuO/Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles with the lubricant. The study was done with R600a refrigeration system and can be employed as better replacement for pure mineral refrigeration system. Addition of CuO/Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles in to a compressor lubricating oil resulted in enhanced coefficient of performance up to 27% from 1.17 to 1.6 and increase in cooling capacity up to 20% from 160 to 200 W and reduction in power utilized by the compressor up to 24% from 158 to 120 W in comparison with the R600a system without nanolubricants. CuO/Al2O3 hybrid nanolubricant refrigerator can be employed as better substitute for R134a refrigerator.

Performance analysis of R600a vapour compression refrigeration system using CuO/Al2O3 hybrid nanolubricants

A molecular dynamics study of thermal behavior of ammonia/Cu nanorefrigerant flow under different initial pressures and electric fields

With the development of transportation vehicles towards to the direction of heavy load and high speed, the requirement of Cu matrix brake materials was proposed for improving performance in both mechanical and thermal properties. The Cu-SiCf composites is a new kind of friction brake material. To investigate the structural effect of 3D network structured SiC form ceramic on the compressive strength and thermal expansion properties of Cu-SiCf composites, SiCf was synthesized using a template method in conjunction with reaction sintering, while Cu-SiCf composites were prepared using squeeze casting, and exhibiting a co-continuous phase structure. The results reveal that SiC form ceramic reinforcement and constraint mechanisms enhance the overall strength of the Cu alloy through the 3D network structure. SiC form ceramic plays a role in load transfer and overall strengthening of the Cu alloy. With the synergistic effects of these mechanisms, increasing the SiC form ceramic volume fraction improves the compressive strength and reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion of the Cu-SiCf composites. 

The structural effect of SiC form ceramic on the compressive strength and thermal expansion properties of Cu–SiC composites

Nano-enhanced refrigerant is one of the promising heat transfer fluids in refrigeration systems. It has the capability to boost the efficiency of vapour compression refrigeration and air conditioning systems. In heat transfer application, the density of the fluid plays a crucial role in identifying various heat transfer characteristics such as the Reynolds number, Nusselt number, the friction factor and the pressure loss. Compared to thermal conductivity and viscosity, determining the density of nanofluids has received very less attention in research. The liquid and vapour densities of alumina (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles suspended in 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf) are investigated in this study. The Pak and Cho model was adopted to examine the densities of nano-refrigerants as the volume concentration of particles in the base refrigerant and temperature varies from 1% to 5% and 273 to 323 K respectively. The models are validated using the experimental studies conducted by various researchers on different nano-refrigerants. The analysis results indicated that the liquid and vapour densities of CuO/R1234yf nano-refrigerant are 10.3% and 62.93% greater than that of Al2O3/R1234yf at 5% particle concentration. From the liquid and vapour density point of view, the CuO/R1234yf nano-refrigerant is superior over Al2O3/R1234yf and TiO2/R1234yf. Results also indicated that at 308 K the liquid phase density of CuO added with R1234yf nano-refrigerant is higher by 12.99% and 8.65% than R134a and R141b respectively. Hence CuO/R1234yf significantly enhances the performance of refrigeration systems.

Investigation on the density of Al2O3/R1234yf, TiO2/R1234yf and CuO/R1234yf nano-refrigerants

Investigation on Thermo-Physical Properties of Mixed Nano-Refrigerant with CuO based nanoparticles

Investigation on the thermophysical properties of Al2O3, Cu and SiC based Nano-refrigerants

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Investigation on Thermo-Physical Properties of Mixed Nano-Refrigerant with CuO based nanoparticles

Investigation on the thermophysical properties of Al2O3, Cu and SiC based Nano-refrigerants