textIn spite of growing mobility of production and production factors, economic development is increasingly localized in economic agglomerations. This article reviews three partially overlapping perspectives on local economic development, which derive from three factors intensifying the localized nature of economic development: externalities, learning and governance. Externalities play a central role in the new geographical economics of Krugman and in new economic geography of clusters and industrial districts. The dynamics of local
economic development are increasingly associated with evolutionary economic thinking in general and with collective learning in particular. Inter-firm and extra-firm organization has experienced considerable innovation in the last
few decades. New institutional devices are based on the notions of commodity chain, cluster and milieu. These innovations introduce new issues of economic governance both at the level of industry and of territory.

Externalities, Learning and Governance: New Perspectives on Local Economic Development

New analytical and numerical solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional conformable cpKP–BKP equation arising in fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics

Dynamics study of stability analysis, sensitivity insights and precise soliton solutions of the nonlinear (STO)-Burger equation

A comparative study of two fractional nonlinear optical model via modified 
              
                
              
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This research paper is about the ultrasound propagation, which propagates the mechanical vibration of the molecules or of the particles of a material. It measures the speed of sound in air. Ultrasound imaging is being used in a well-established way to produce pictures of tissues inside the body of human beings. They are modeled in non-linear wave equations with high intensity. We obtained the new soliton solutions to the M-fractional (1+1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1+1$$\end{document})-dimensional nonlinear Westervelt model by utilizing expa\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\exp _a$$\end{document} function and modified simplest equation techniques. The gained solutions involving dark, bright, periodic, dark-bright and other solitons. These results have many applications in wave propagation of sound waves, high amplitude in medical imaging and therapy. Achieved results are verified by Mathematica tool and the effect of M-fractional derivative on the solutions is explained through 2-Dimensional, 3-Dimensional and contour plots. The stability of the concerned model is also discussed. The images are prepared in a well-established way, showing the production of tissues inside the human body. At the end, these techniques are simple, fruitful and effective to deal with nonlinear FPDEs.

New soliton solutions of M-fractional Westervelt model in ultrasound imaging via two analytical techniques

Explicit Soliton Solutions to the Fractional Order Nonlinear Models through the Atangana Beta Derivative

In this paper, a hydraulic model experiment was conducted to investigate the mechanism of longshore sediment transport on a sloping beach of 1:7 using a circular wave tank equipped with a spiral wave maker. The experimental results revealed that cross-shore sediment transport was predominant up to the formation of equilibrium cross-section. Then the longshore sediment transport was actively dominant near the bar after the development of equilibrium topography. The wave-breaking positions and the characteristics of sand displacement in the vicinity of the wave-breaking zone were observed throughout the installation of fluorescent sands in different cross-sections under several wave conditions on the same terrain to presume the coastal erosion. From the outcomes, it was confirmed that the gradient of the average water level due to the obliquely incident waves breaking and the differences in breaking positions along the shoreline accelerated the generation of longshore currents and longshore sediment transport in the sloping beach profile. Moreover, the actively longshore sediment transport tendency throughout the breaking waves and the longshore current had been confirmed in this study where the gradually increasing wave heights influenced the stronger degree of wave breaking on the sloping beach, which enhanced the sediment transport procedure to deform the beach profile.

/pdf/experimental-investigation-on-the-mechanism-of-longshore-34xx1tj9.pdf

Experimental Investigation on the Mechanism of Longshore Sediment Transport Using a Circular Wave Basin

A two-phase incompressible flow model in three-dimensional cylindrical coordinates is applied for oblique wave generation in a numerical circular wave tank. The governing equations are discretized by a finite volume method, and a mass source function is added to reproduce oblique waves through a spiral wave generator positioned at the center of the tank. The volume of fluid method is implemented to track the free surfaces between the air and fluid, and the zonal embedded grid system is adopted to obtain a grid-independent solution in the cylindrical coordinates. A permeable, circumferentially sloping topography (1:7), similar to a natural beach profile, is set up for investigating wave propagation and other characteristics. The simulation and physical experimental results are compared, which show a good agreement in randomly selected water surface elevation profiles and wave heights under the same wave and sloping conditions. The spiral waves are reproduced and propagated in a phenomenon similar to that observed in the physical experiment. The results also show that the wave-breaking positions differ in different wave conditions and suggest a relationship with cross-shore and longshore velocity distribution in terms of incident wave heights and wave-breaking positions in different wave periods on the same sloping topography. Furthermore, this model can be used to investigate the mechanism of longshore current generation and the influences of beach slope on the generated wave propagation in a sloping topography.

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/2/388/pdf?version=1676447934

Investigation of the Spiral Wave Generation and Propagation on a Numerical Circular Wave Tank Model

In Bangladesh, the last thirty seven years after independence followed a trajectory of top-down policy making and implementation with an impasse of 'winner-takes-all' politics encircling its central government. Albeit with the prevalence of constitutional proviso and century-long history of local government in the country, political decentralization is still located into distortive policy space. The reality situates far behind technical, administrative and fiscal criteria of decentralization, and is not responsive to popular demand of participation and accountability. In contrast, rooted in shared practice of decentralization for centuries, West Bengal, a neighboring Indian state of the country, reveals more convincing manifestation of decentralization only within decades. This success in West Bengal questions the apparent failure in Bangladesh as both the regions share broader similarity in social, cultural, institutional and linguistic aspects. Henceforth, an exploration of comparative constraints and facilitating factors in both the cases is needed for more flexible and informed policy space. In this case, current social capital literatures provide an excellent analytical tool focusing on the need of appropriate institutional change which increases existing stocks of social capital and leads toward effective decentralization. Extending the simplified idea that communities with higher social capital outperform, a recent nuance understanding on it argues that intuitional design should facilitate the shift from 'bonding' to 'bridging' and then to 'linking' to effectively 'reach out' and 'scale up' the impact of the institutions. In terms of this understanding, the paper unpacks the causes of different manifestation in decentralization of the two regions. The paper identifies how social capital enhancing or exploiting institutional design shapes the power relations and participation, and contribute to facilitate, in one case, and to block, in the other, the success of decentralization.

/pdf/how-does-social-capital-enhancing-institutional-design-94e3tqan9p.pdf

How does social capital enhancing institutional design foster political decentralization? a comparative study between bangladesh and west bengal

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Papers

Explicit Soliton Solutions to the Fractional Order Nonlinear Models through the Atangana Beta Derivative

Experimental Investigation on the Mechanism of Longshore Sediment Transport Using a Circular Wave Basin

Investigation of the Spiral Wave Generation and Propagation on a Numerical Circular Wave Tank Model

How does social capital enhancing institutional design foster political decentralization? a comparative study between bangladesh and west bengal