The role of mycorrhizae and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving crop productivity under stressful environments.

Alleviation of drought stress of marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

An experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications to study the effect of water deficit stress on essential oil of balm. The factors studied included 5 levels of water deficit stress that were T1 (100% field capacity), T2 (80% field capacity), T3 (60% field capacity), T4 (40% field capacity) and T5 (20% field capacity) respectively. The results showed that water deficit stress significantly affected biological yield, essential oil yield, essential oil %, leaf yield, height of plant, tiller number, stem diameter, stem yield and internode length in P < 0.01. Highest biological yield and height of plant were achieved under T1, highest essential oil yield was achieved under T3 and highest stem diameter and essential oil % were achieved under T5. The results of this experiment showed that essential oil yield was reduced under water deficit stress but essential oil % increased under this condition.

Evaluation changing of essential oil of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under water deficit stress conditions.

Phosphorus (P) is a scarce, nonrenewable resource; its acquisition by plants decreases when soil moisture declines, as anticipated under future climate-change scenarios. It is, therefore, important to understand plant responses and adaptations to dual moisture and P limitations, in order to maintain crop productivity and predict plant performance in natural ecosystems. We review current knowledge of the effect of simultaneous water and P shortage on plant function, and identify key knowledge gaps. Plants have developed a range of adaptations to ensure P uptake is adequate to maintain vital functions within a broad range, at least until a certain level of P and/or drought stress is exceeded. Differences in plant growth and amount of P taken up under dual moisture and P limitations greatly depend on the rate of soil drying and wetting, the severity and duration of drought cycles, plant uptake capacity, root system plasticity, presence and magnitude of hydraulic redistribution, P-resorption ability, and soil properties such as waterholding capacity, P diffusion rate, P mineralization and fixation rates, and the activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses. During the process of soil drying, both P fertilization and association with AM fungi may increase performance under drought, until a certain level of water stress is exceeded. A small number of previously reported contradictory results probably reflect differences/limitations in experimental approaches. When breeding crop varieties to increase the efficiency of P and water acquisition, and when examining performance of species in natural ecosystems, multiple and interacting processes, from the scale of cellular to whole plant, must be considered.

Plant Responses to Limited Moisture and Phosphorus Availability: A Meta-Analysis

Arbuscular mycorrhiza in combating abiotic stresses in vegetables: An eco-friendly approach.

An experiment was carried out using a split factorial based randomized complete block design with 4 replications to study the effects of AMF, phosphorus and drought stress on some characteristics of Coriander. The factors studied included application and non-application of mycorrhiza (Glomus hoi) 0.35 and 70 kg ha-1 phosphorus applications, and two levels of drought stress irrigation. The results showed that drought stress significant effect on water use efficiency, relative water content and proline accumulation rate (α = 1%). Highest water use efficiency and proline accumulation rate were achieved under stress conditions and highest relative water content was achieved under without stress conditions. Also, mycorrhiza and phosphorus significant effects on water use efficiency (α = 5%). Highest water use efficiency was achieved under application of mycorrhiza and application of 70 kg ha-1 phosphorus respectively. Relative water content and proline accumulation rate were not significantly affected due to phosphorus and mycorrhiza. The results this experiment showed that water use efficiency was increased under application of mycorrhiza that can increase absorb of phosphorus and water in drought conditions.

	 

	Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus, drought stress, water use efficiency, coriander.

https://africaneditors.org/journal/JMPR/full-text-pdf/12833-126063

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, different levels of phosphorus and drought stress on water use efficiency, relative water content and proline accumulation rate of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.).

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Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, different levels of phosphorus and drought stress on water use efficiency, relative water content and proline accumulation rate of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.).