Removal of contaminants of emerging concern by membranes in water and wastewater: A review

Reviews Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds in surface and ground water is of concern due to the adverse effects they may have on human health, aquatic life, and the environment, emphasizing the importance of their removal from the water compartment. Activated carbon adsorption has proven to be effective for the removal of several types of inorganic and organic contaminants either as a stand-alone polishing step or in combination with other conventional and advanced water and wastewater treatment systems. This paper discusses the current status of the removal of pharmaceuticals from water using activated carbon derived from numerous precursors, providing an in-depth review of the multitude of factors (adsorbent properties, adsorbate properties, operating conditions) affecting the adsorption process, from the preparation of the activated carbon to its regeneration. A critical assessment of the existing literature is presented, highlighting research and development needs that may ultimately lead to a more comprehensive and sustainable use of activated carbon for the removal of pharmaceuticals from the water environment.

The use of activated carbon for the removal of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions: a review

Insights into current physical, chemical and hybrid technologies used for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with pharmaceuticals

By summarizing 187 relevant research articles published in 2019, the review is focused on the research progress of physicochemical processes for wastewater treatment. This review divides into two sections, physical processes and chemical processes. The physical processes section includes three sub-sections, that is, adsorption, granular filtration, and dissolved air flotation, whereas the chemical processes section has five sub-sections, that is, coagulation/flocculation, advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical, capacitive deionization, and ion exchange. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Totally 187 research articles on wastewater treatment have been reviewed and discussed. The review has two major sections with eight sub-topics.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wer.1231

Physico-chemical processes.

Oily wastewater has adverse impacts on the ecosystem, human health, and marine life. Scientists tried to resolve this issue by exploring and proposing different innovative separation methods. However, most of those methods have technical problems like high energy consumption and lower separation efficiency. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based membranes have attracted considerable attention to be employed in the separation of the oil/water (O/W) emulsions, due to their exceptional features such as high porosity, wettability, and high surface area. This review aimed to assess the recent advances and potential of MOF-based membranes in O/W separation. Several key aspects such as different preparation methods, physiochemical characteristics, and the mechanism of O/W separation by the MOF-based membranes are critically evaluated. The regeneration and stability of the employed membranes are also explored. Furthermore, numerous challenges and intended research gaps are identified and future recommendations are also provided. 

MOF-based membranes for oil/water separation: Status, challenges, and prospects

Two antibacterials, amoxicillin trihydrate and cefuroxime axetil spiked into wastewater were completely removed by sequential wastewater treatment plant's membranes, which included activated sludge, ultrafiltration (hollow fibre and spiral wound membranes with 100 and 20 kDa cut-offs), activated carbon column and reverse osmosis. Adsorption isotherms in synthetic water which employed activated carbon and micelle–clay complex (octadecyltrimethylammonium–montmorillonite) as adsorbents fitted the Langmuir equation. Qmax of 100 and 90.9 mg g–1, and K values of 0.158 and 0.229 L mg–1 were obtained for amoxicillin trihydrate using activated carbon and micelle–clay complex, respectively. Filtration of antibacterials in the ppm range, which yielded variable degrees of removal depending on the volumes passed and flow rates, was simulated and capacities for the ppb range were estimated. Stability study in pure water and wastewater revealed that amoxicillin was totally stable for one month when kept at 37°C, whereas...

Removal of amoxicillin and cefuroxime axetil by advanced membranes technology, activated carbon and micelle-clay complex.

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MOF-based membranes for oil/water separation: Status, challenges, and prospects

Removal of amoxicillin and cefuroxime axetil by advanced membranes technology, activated carbon and micelle-clay complex.