The electric vehicle industry is becoming an increasingly important part of the automotive industry, and the high operating temperature requirements of the batteries at the heart of electric vehicles make the study of battery thermal management systems (BTMS) particularly important. Among these, heat pipe (HP) based battery thermal management systems have a very high heat transfer performance, but are lacking in ensuring uniform temperature distribution. A coupled battery thermal management system that combines the two can combine the advantages and compensate for the disadvantages of both, and is considered to be the most effective system because of its smaller and simpler structure compared to the traditional thermal management methods that mainly use air and liquid as the working medium. One of the most effective systems. This paper will focus on the coupled HP and PCM systems, which have been less studied and applied in the past, and classify and compare the above mentioned thermal management systems according to the types of heat pipes used and the different methods of PCM heat transfer enhancement, and analyse their advantages and disadvantages respectively. Finally, an outlook on future research directions is given, where the use of systems that use multiple thermal management methods in conjunction with each other to ensure continuous battery operation will be the future direction of battery thermal management systems. In addition, this review helps to update the sparse reference literature. 

A review of battery thermal management systems about heat pipe and phase change materials

Feasibility of agricultural residues and their biochars for plant growing media: Physical and hydraulic properties.

Three-dimensional numerical study of the effect of an air-cooled system on thermal management of a cylindrical lithium-ion battery pack with two different arrangements of battery cells

A Thermoregulating Separator Based on Black Phosphorus/MOFs Heterostructure for Thermo-stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Cucumber, a widely cultivated vegetable, is mostly grown under greenhouse conditions. In recent years, the overuse of inorganic fertilizers for higher yield attainment adversely has affected human health and the environment. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of different nutrient sources (poultry manure (PM) and mineral fertilizer (MF)) on productivity-enhancing parameters of cucumber via univariate and multivariate analyses. Amounts of PM and MF (NPK15:15:15) were added to coco-peat per cubic meter by weight/volume (w/v) ratios as follows: T1 (control), 60 kg PM; T2, 30 kg PM + 3 kg MF; T3, 30 kg PM + 5 kg MF, and T4, 30 kg PM + 7 kg MF. The univariate analysis performed on the collected data illustrated the significant enhancement in growth and productivity for the integrated use of PM and MF. Multivariate analyses (correlation, clustering, and Principal Component Analysis) validated the results of univariate analysis by differentiating treatments into two groups. The three treatments obtained a distinguished group from T1 (Control) and did not show significant differences among each other, with a maximum yield increase by T2 (74.6%). According to these results, T2 could improve cucumber productivity under greenhouse conditions. It can be taken as recommendations for better quality and yield enhancement in future improvement programs and cucumber-related farming communities.

Productivity Enhancement of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through Optimized Use of Poultry Manure and Mineral Fertilizers under Greenhouse Cultivation

1 International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Area, Arabian Peninsula Regional Program, Dubai, UAE 2 Minstry of Environment and Water,

/pdf/effect-of-different-growing-medias-on-cucumber-production-47q9mf2lxq.pdf

Effect of different growing Medias on Cucumber Production and Water Productivity in Soilless Culture under UAE Conditions

Economic cost and technical efficiency analysis of thermal management of a triple pack of lithium-ion battery with forced airflow and nano-phase change materials

/pdf/effect-of-using-some-sea-grass-cymodocea-nodosa-and-shtqpn01.pdf

EFFECT OF USING SOME SEA-GRASS (Cymodocea nodosa) AND VEGETABLE CROP RESIDUES AS UNTRADITIONAL FEEDS IN GROWING RABBITS DIET ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE UNDER NORTH SINAI CONDITIONS.

: Two experiments were done in this experiment to evaluate the comparison of the use of chromium chloride (Cr) as CrCl3 and L-carnitine, either alone or in combination with vitamin C, during heat stress in the summer on the egg performance and egg quality. In each experiment, one hundred and twenty individual of a 28-week golden Montazah-layer hen, according to a completely randomized design were divided into four groups, each group had three replicates, and each replicate had 10 laying hens. Layers were housed in cages (one bird/cage) and at high ambient temperatures (day and night cyclic temperatures ranged from 28 to 42°C) throughout the 12-week trial period. Layers have been fed by commercial classes throughout the experiment with access to feed and water. In1st experiment, the treatments were Group 1 = control, (0 additives), group 2 = vitamin C, (250 mg/kg feed), group 3 = Cr, (400 mg/kg feed), group 4 = (Cr 400 mg/kg feed + vitamin C 250 mg/kg feed). In 2nd experiment were Group 1 = control, (0 additives), group 2 = vitamin C, (250 mg/kg feed),, group 3 = L-carnitine, (100 mg feed), group 4 = (L-carnitine 100 mg feed + vitamin C 250 mg/kg feed), The results indicated that groups supplementation of 400 mg (Cr) and 100 mg L-carnitine either alone or combination with 250 mg vitamin C /kg diet improving feed conversation, egg number, egg mass and egg production percentage compared with control group or vitamin C alone, while egg weight increased by using L-carnitine with vitamin C compared with other groups. Also results demonstrated feeding supplemental (Cr) and L-carnitine, either alone or in combination with vitamin C had no effect on egg length, egg diameter, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight but its increased albumen height (p<0.01). It can be concluded that supplementation of 400 mg (Cr/kg feed) and 100 mg L-carnitine /kg feed either alone or combination with vitamin C 250 mg /kg diet, improved production performance for Golden Montazah hens at 29- 40 weeks of age during the summer season.

/pdf/effect-of-chromium-chloride-or-l-carnitine-supplementation-hbkdc9y8.pdf

Effect of chromium chloride or l-carnitine supplementation either alone or combination with vitamin c on productive performance of golden montazah chickens during the summer season

Age-related diseases, including dementia, are a major health concern affecting daily human life. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is the most eaten fruit worldwide due to its exceptional aroma and flavor. However, it's rapid softening and decay limit its shelf-life. Freezing and boiling represent the well-known conservation methods to extend its shelf-life. Therefore, we aimed to discover the phytochemical content differences of fresh and processed strawberries associated with investigating and comparing their neuroprotective effects in a rat model of aging. Female Wistar rats were orally pretreated with fresh, boiled, and frozen F. ananassa methanolic extracts (250 mg kg-1) for 2 weeks, and then these extracts were concomitantly exposed to D-galactose [65 mg kg-1, subcutaneously (S/C)] and AlCl3 (200 mg kg-1, orally) for 6 weeks to develop aging-like symptoms. The results of UPLC/ESI-MS phytochemical profiling revealed 36 secondary metabolites, including phenolics, flavonoids, and their glycoside derivatives. Compared with boiled and frozen extracts, the fresh extract ameliorated the behavioral deficits including anxiety and cognitive dysfunction, upregulated brain HO-1 and Nrf2 levels, and markedly reduced caspase-3 and PPAR-γ levels. Moreover, LDH and miRNA-9, 124 and 132 protein expressions were reduced. The histological architecture of the brain hippocampus was restored and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoexpression was downregulated. In conclusion, the fresh extract has neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating age-related neurodegeneration.

Impact of different processing methods on the phenolics and neuroprotective activity of Fragaria ananassa Duch. extracts in a D-galactose and aluminum chloride-induced rat model of aging.

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