Effect of cobalt substitution on structural, elastic, magnetic and optical properties of zinc ferrite nanoparticles

The present study aimed at determining the antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids and to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of ethanolic extract of Matricaria recutita L. (chamomile). The antioxidant activities were measured using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The total phenolic content was measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. The flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride method. The MTT assay was used to estimate the antiproliferative activities against human hepatoma (HepG2) cancer cell line. We assessed the mode of action of the extract as a cancer preventive agent and reported its ability to regulate tumor angiogenesis by down regulating in a dose dependent manner the expression of some proteins involved in the process. The percentage inhibition of DPPH scavenging activity was dose-dependent ranging between (94.8% ± 0.03) at 1.50 mg/mL and (84.2% ± 0.86) at 0.15 mg/mL. It showed high polyphenols (21.4 ± 0.327 mg GAE/g) and high flavonoids content (157.9 ± 2.22 mg QE/g). Effect of extract was investigated against HepG2 cells. A dose-dependent reduction in cell viability was recorded in cells treated with the extract. The IC50 was ~ 300 µg/mL. It significantly inhibited the level of important prerequisite angiogenesis markers both in HepG2 cells and ex vivo.

/pdf/antioxidant-and-anticancer-activities-of-chamomile-3cmvc4vcl0.pdf

Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.).

Here, we determined in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids and evaluated antiproliferative activity of three medicinal plant extracts: Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek), Cassia acutifolia (Senna) and Rhazya stricta (Harmal). The leaves of the three medicinal plants were extracted with 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined using colorimetric assays. MTT assay was used to estimate the antiproliferative activities of the extracts against human hepatoma (HepG2) cancer cell line. In addition, the effects of R. stricta extract on cell cycle, colony formation, and wound healing of HepG2 cells and tube formation of HUVEC cells were assessed. Percentage inhibition of DPPH scavenging activity were dose-dependent and ranged between (89.9% ± 0.51) and (28.6% ± 2.07). Phenolic contents ranged between (11.5 ± 0.013) and (9.7 ± 0.008) mg GAE/g while flavonoid content ranged between (20.8 ± 0.40) and (0.12 ± 0.0.01) mg QE/g. Antiproliferative results of the extracts were found to be consistent with their antioxidant activity. Among the extracts evaluated, that of R. stricta showed the best antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities at low concentration. It also inhibited the colony-formation capacity of HepG2 cells and exhibited antiangiogenic activity. Cell cycle analysis showed significant arrest of cells at G2/M phase 12 and 48 h after treatment and significant arrest at G1/S phase after 24 h of treatment. Consistent data were observed in western blot analysis of protein levels of Cdc2 and its cyclin partners. These findings introduce R. stricta as a potentially useful anti-metastatic agent and a novel potential anti-tumour agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.

/pdf/antioxidant-and-anticancer-activities-of-trigonella-foenum-b3o3apmtlv.pdf

Antioxidant and anticancer activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum, Cassia acutifolia and Rhazya stricta

Nanotechnology - A new frontier of nano-farming in agricultural and food production and its development.

Investigation of photovoltaic performance of lead-free CsSnI3-based perovskite solar cell with different hole transport layers: First Principle Calculations and SCAPS-1D Analysis

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn significant consideration as a competing solar cell technology because of the drastic advance in their power conversion efficiency (PCE) over the last two decades. The interfaces between the electron transport layer (ETL) and the absorber layer and between the absorber layer and the hole transport layer (HTL) have a major impact on the performance of the PSCs. In this paper, we have investigated the defect interfaces between ETL/absorber layer and absorber layer/HTL of calibrated experimental CH3NH3PbX3 lead-based and FASnI3 lead-free PSCs. The influence of the defect interfaces is studied in order to find the optimum value for the maximum possible PCE. While the PCE has not been enhanced considerably for the lead-based, it is boosted from 1.76% to 5.35% for lead-free PSCs. Also, bulk traps were found to have minor role in comparison with interface traps for the lead-free cell while they have a significant impact for the lead-based cell. The results presented in this work would shed some light on designing interface defects of various types of practical PSC structures and demonstrates the crucial impact of the interface defects on lead-free vs lead-based PSCs. All simulation studies are performed by using SCAPS-1D simulator.

/pdf/on-the-investigation-of-interface-defects-of-solar-cells-4bqskps2q3.pdf

On the Investigation of Interface Defects of Solar Cells: Lead-Based vs Lead-Free Perovskite

Summary Modern cancer therapies have significantly prolonged the life of the average cancer patient, but still have not succeeded in reducing cancer mortality in certain types of cancer. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which is not a mainstream therapy, has introduced a new element of hope. CAM encompasses a wide spectrum of modalities, practices, theories and beliefs and is based upon dietary supplements, herbal products, and other natural products as defined by The US National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Extensive research in the last few years has revealed that regular consumption of certain fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of acquiring specific cancers. Phytochemicals derived from such fruits and vegetables, referred to as chemopreventive agents; include tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, stilbenes, curcuminoids, flavonoids and other groups of substances. Various edible and medicinal plants have been extensively studied for their ability to inhibit tumor development. The use of traditional medicines is therefore, quite common in developing countries and is spreading rapidly in developed countries. The Arabian Gulf region has a long tradition of herbal therapies. Herbal medicine constitutes a significant part of this region’s heritage and until recently functioned as its main health-care system. Interestingly, medicinal plants from the Arab region have received little international attention. In the botanical literature there are 600 known plant species in UAE, 1204 in Oman, 2250 in Saudi Arabia, 2088 in Egypt and 2367 in Palestine. Less than 10% of these plants has been screened for their medicinal potential. In the Arabian region, medicinal use is well established for Plantago major, Plantago lanceolata and Commiphora myrrha as anti-tumor remedies. Here, we present an up-to-date review of Arabian medicinal plants known for their anticancer activities.

Merits of anti-cancer plants from the Arabian Gulf region

Two-terminalt and tandem solar-cells have a high efficiency of power conversion. One of their main limitations is the operating current density as the two-terminal tandem solar-cell is equivalent to electrically connected series subcells. Increasing the top absorber layer’s thickness will lead to an increase in the top subcell current and a decrease in the bottom subcell’s current. The subcell with the minimum current forces the tandem cell to operate at its value, limiting the overall performance. In this paper, a proposed solution for such a problem is introduced using a bottom subcell consisting of germanium-telluride (GeTe), which gives a high current and matches the top subcell at a thicker absorber layer. A proposal of three different tandem cells with perovskite (MAPbI3)/CIGS, perovskite (MAPbI3)/GeTe, and perovskite (MAPbI3-xClx)/GeTe have been presented. The proposed perovskite (MAPbI3)/CIGS has an efficiency of 30.52%, whereas the replacement of the CIGS bottom subcell by GeTe led to a significant enhancement of the efficiency to reach 35.9%. High efficiency of 41.7% is obtained by replacing the perovskite (MAPbI3) top subcell with perovskite (MAPbI3-xClx). A modified numerical algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimum thickness of the top subcell to achieve higher power-conversion efficiency. The performance evaluation and simulation of the designed tandem cells were carried out using SCAPS-1D. The temperature effects on the proposed cells have been encountered in simulation. The results show that the proposed tandem solar-cells have comparable performance and higher efficiencies relative to the published works.

/pdf/simulation-of-optimized-high-current-tandem-solar-cells-with-1tnqpbx7pl.pdf

Simulation of Optimized High-Current Tandem Solar-Cells With Efficiency Beyond 41%

Abstract The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) mediated fruit peel extract is gaining importance due to its cost-effectiveness and ecofriendly nature. Herein, ZnO-NPs were synthesized using pomegranate peel extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized using SEM, TEM-SAID, FT-IR, XRD, and particle size analysis. According to the findings, the ZnO-NPs were agglomerated into spherical and hexagonal shapes with an average diameter of 20 to 40 nm and crystallinity formed. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO-NPs against pathogenic microbes was significant in multiple applications, with 62.5 and 31.25 μg/ml of MIC for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, and 125 and 250 μg/ml of MIC for Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus , respectively. In addition, ZnO-NPs showed antioxidant activity with IC 50 = 240 and 250 μg/ml by DPPH and ABTS, respectively. All concentrations of ZnO-NPs significantly improved the germination of barley seed and shoot height, with the optimum concentration reaching 2 and 12 ppm of ZnO-NPs for both seed germination (90%) and shoot height (6.5), respectively, while the greatest root extension (6 cm) was observed at 2 ppm of ZnO-NPs. The mitotic index increased at lower nanoparticle concentrations and exposure times but declined considerably as the nanoparticle dose and exposure duration increased, until most concentrations reached 100% suppression after 12 h with various chromosomal abnormalities. The researchers were able to create efficient, eco-friendly, and simple multifunctional ZnO-NPs using a green synthetic strategy and, in the process, obtain a better understanding of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ZnO-NPs in plant cells. 

/pdf/punica-granatum-peel-extract-mediated-green-synthesis-of-28od4qku.pdf

Punica granatum peel extract mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: structure and evaluation of their biological applications

This paper presents a study of a tandem Perovskite/CIGS cell, its performance parameters, and the effect of temperature variations on these parameters. The variation of each sub-cell short-circuit current density value with absorption thickness of perovskite (top) sub-cell has been done to find the matching point, as the two sub-cells equivalent to two series cells. The combining of two sub-cells shows the ability to absorb photons spectrum up to 1120 nm and perform a conversion efficiency about 30.5% (at room temperature) higher than each sub-cell. The variation of temperature from 260 K up to 360 K shows that the power conversion efficiency decreases almost linearly from 33.5% to 26.6%. The validity of the proposed tandem cell is proved by comparing its results with the recent published results. The proposed tandem cell shows one of the highest power conversion efficiency relative to the recent published results.

High Efficiency Tandem Perovskite/CIGS Solar Cell

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