Es wird eine neue Ammoniak-Silber-Methode fur das Farben menschlicher Chromosomen in der Metaphase beschrieben, wodurch die Satelliten aller 10 akrozentrischen Chromosomen zu unterscheiden sind

Differential staining of the satellite regions of human acrocentric chromosomes

Brain cell nuclear retention of [3H]estradiol doses able to promote lordosis: temporal and regional aspects

The effect of histones on accessibility of DNA to DNase in chromatin of thymus nuclei has been studied by selective extraction of either lysine-rich or arginine-rich histones. It was found that all histones block accessibility but that, weight for weight, lysine-rich histones block much more effectively than do arginine-rich histones. We point to the contrast between accessibility of DNA to DNase and of DNA to RNA polymerase, and to what may be the similarity between accessibility to DNase and DNA polymerase.

Blocking by Histones of Accessibility to DNA in Chromatin

This review is addressed to the problem of interpreting the nature of metabolic events associated with mitosis. Such events may initiate, support, or be a consequence of the process; but they all share the property of reflecting a physical reorganization of the cell more extreme and more extensive than most events in its history. It is, then, the relationship between structural and metabolic changes that constitutes the substance of this communication. Cytology and metabolism have had a long history of separation; their association is less than 30 years old. Fleming's resolution of mitosis as a longitudinal splitting and separation of chromosomesa milestone in the history of cell biology-was published in 1882 (6). Ten years later Eduard Buchner marked the start of modern metabolic studies by demonstrating fermentation in yeast extracts. But for nearly 40 years after Buchner made his fruitful discovery, physical chemistry and not catalysis was at the heart of cellular research. In 1922, Wilson, cutting the broadest of swaths in his survey of the cell, concluded that "life as we know it is indeed -inseparably bound up with matter in the colloidal state. This conception seems likely to prove as fruitful in cytology as it has been in physiology" (114). In no less positive a way did the historian of biology, Nordenskiold, sum up the scene at that time: "That branch of chemical research which has had its greatest success in our own day and has excited the keenest interest is undoubtedly physical chemistry; each stage of its progress has at once been applicable to the living substance" (73). Such was the dominant view of cell biologists ten years after Warburg (105) had demonstrated that the oxidative capacity of liver cells could be separated in the form of sedimentable particles. To trace the beginnings of cytochemistry, young though it is, one must leap well across the many years during which cell physiology found its most forward expression in terms of colloidal chemistry. In 1871, ten years before mitosis had been resolved, Friedrich Miescher

Mitosis and metabolic organization

1. Histochemical tests in regard to glycogen were successful on the salivary gland chromosomes. The existence of glycogen seems to be specifically found only in the salivary gland chromosomes of the Diptera, and the fact that the glycogen in chromosomes is uniformly stained makes the authors feel that glycogen must be located in matrix.2. It was demonstrated in detail from the standpoint of microchemical reaction as well as isoelectric point of chromosome that the protein of the salivary gland chromosomes is at most only partially digested by pepsin, , though completely digested by trypsin.3. It was revealed an interesting metachromasia that the chromosome aquired a reddish purple by staining with toluidin blue which was at more alkalic side than pH 4.4 in pepsin digestion, and at more alkalic side than pH 1.8 in trypsin digestion.4. It was confirmed that the metachromasia of toluidin blue in chromosome depends upon the existence of desoxyribose-nucleic acid uncompounded with protein.5. The kind of basic protein of the salivary gland chromosomes was decided by staining with brillantazurin B as well as isoelectric point to prove that the greater part of the basic protein was histone, a part of it being a non-histone protein.

Histochemical Studies on Chromosomes

The chemical composition of chromosomes.

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The chemical composition of chromosomes.