The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into value-added chemicals has been explored as a promising solution to realize carbon neutrality and inhibit global warming. This involves utilizing the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce a variety of single-carbon (C1) and multi-carbon (C2+) products. Additionally, the electrolyte solution in the CO2RR system can be enriched with nitrogen sources (such as NO3-, NO2-, N2, or NO) to enable the synthesis of organonitrogen compounds via C-N coupling reactions. However, the electrochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals still faces challenges in terms of low product yield, poor faradaic efficiency (FE), and unclear understanding of the reaction mechanism. This review summarizes the promising strategies aimed at achieving selective production of diverse carbon-containing products, including CO, formate, hydrocarbons, alcohols, and organonitrogen compounds. These approaches involve the rational design of electrocatalysts and the construction of coupled electrocatalytic reaction systems. Moreover, this review presents the underlying reaction mechanisms, identifies the existing challenges, and highlights the prospects of the electrosynthesis processes. The aim is to offer valuable insights and guidance for future research on the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into carbon-containing products of enhanced value-added potential.

Review on strategies for improving the added value and expanding the scope of CO2 electroreduction products.

Abstract A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities. 

Mitochondrial dysfunction at the crossroad of cardiovascular diseases and cancer

The increasing demand for energy has caused irreversible pollution to the environment. In order to protect the ecological balance, people are constantly exploring materials with excellent energy storage and environmental protection performance. Composites of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) synthesized by MOFs and LDHs has rich electroactive sites, porous structure, high surface area and interactive conductive network, which overcomes the shortcomings of poor conductivity, low electron transmission efficiency and self-accumulation when MOFs and LDHs exist alone, and has attracted the attention of energy storage and environmental protection, and has become a hot material explored by researchers in recent years. In this paper, the applications of the composites of LDHs and MOFs in electrochemical energy storage (EES) and environmental protection in recent years are reviewed. Firstly, the basic characteristics and synthesis route of composite materials are briefly summarized. Secondly, the surface engineering such as heteroatom doping, holes and heterojunction, and the construction of hollow structure and core-shell structure are emphatically introduced. Thirdly, it summarizes its application in energy storage and environmental protection. Finally, the development prospect of composite materials combining LDHs and MOFs is prospected. This review lays a foundation for the development of composite materials of MOFs and LDHs. 

Composites of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and LDHs for energy storage and environmental applications: Fundamentals, progress, and perspectives

CdS is a promising candidate for visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2-evolution, but its practical application is still limited by self-photo-corrosion and noble co-catalysts needing. Herein, CdS/NiCo-MOFs (CM) heterojunction was synthesized by an in-situ hydrothermal method, where NiCo-MOFs (BMOFs) acted as platform to inhibit the aggregation of CdS nanoparticles. Furthermore, BMOFs provided dual-reaction sites to improve the photocatalytic H2-evolution speed and suppress the photo-corrosion of CdS by taking its Ni-linker as catalytic active sites for water splitting and Co-linker as hole trapping sites to suppress the self-oxidation between S2− and holes. Therefore, the optimal CM-20% exhibited a remarkable photocatalytic H2-evolution rate of 1.810 mmol g−1 h−1 under sunlight irradiation, which is 4.55 times higher than that of CdS. Moreover, CM-20% maintained this high photocatalytic H2-evolution rate for 100 h reaction, which for CdS is just 50 h. This research provides insight into designing high-efficiency and photo-stable sulfide-based photocatalyst systems for H2-evolution. 

Ternary-role of NiCo-MOFs for boosting the photocatalytic H2-evolution and long term stability of CdS

Abstract Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 RR) into valuable fuels and chemicals is a highly desirable approach for achieving carbon neutrality, but it faces substantial technical hurdles. Herein, a novel ferromagnetic Ni@NC electrocatalyst is reported, composed of nickel nanoparticles embedded within a nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix. The optimal Ni@NC catalyst displays a fourfold increase in current density at 140 versus 0 mT in H‐type cell and achieves nearly 100% CO Faradaic efficiency (FE CO ) across a wide potential range with minimal overpotential in flow cell. Quantum diamond atomic force microscopy (QDAFM) directly demonstrates the orderly magnetic moments of the Ni@NC catalyst under the external magnetic field. Further theoretical calculations reveal that the orderly magnetic moments induced by the external magnetic field facilitate the formation of Ni–O–Ni and reduce the energy barriers of COOH * intermediates. This study underscores the potential of applying magnetic field modulation to not only enhance the catalytic efficiencies but also extend this strategy to other catalytic systems. 

Regulating the Magnetic Domain of Nickle for Enhanced CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Driven by External Magnetic Field

Renewable-driven electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to syngas is an encouraging alternative strategy to traditional fossil fuel-based syngas production, and the development of industrial-level electrocatalysts is vital. Herein, based on theoretical optimization of metal species, hierarchical CoxNi1–x–N–C dual single-atom catalyst (DSAC) with individual NiN4 (CO preferential) and CoN4 (H2 preferential) moieties was constructed by a two-step pyrolysis route. The Co0.5Ni0.5–N–C exhibits a stable CO Faradaic efficiency of 50 ± 5% and an industrial-level current density of 101–365 mA cm–2 in an ultrawide potential window of −0.5 to −1.1 V. The CO/H2 ratio of syngas can be conveniently tuned by regulating the Co/Ni ratio. The coupled effect of NiN4 and CoN4 moieties under a local high-pH microenvironment is responsible for the regulation of the CO/H2 selectivity and yield for the CoxNi1–x–N–C catalyst, which is not present in the mixed Co–N–C and Ni–N–C catalyst. This study provides a promising DSAC strategy for achieving industrial-level syngas production via CO2RR. 

Hierarchical Dual Single-Atom Catalysts with Coupled CoN4 and NiN4 Moieties for Industrial-Level CO2 Electroreduction to Syngas.

Elaborately converting hierarchical NiCo–LDH to rod–like LDH–decorated MOF as interlayer for high–performance lithium–sulfur battery

The electrocatalytic performance of single-site catalysts (SSCs) is closely correlated with the electronic structure of metal atoms. Herein we construct a series of Pt SSCs on undoped and heteroatom-doped hierarchical carbon nanocages, which exhibit increasing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities along S-, P-, C- and N-coordinated Pt SSCs. Theoretical simulation indicates a multi-H-atom adsorption process on Pt SSCs due to the low coordination, and a new descriptor, i.e., ΔGH(4) (the adsorption energy of the 4th H), is figured out to evaluate the HER activities. Relative to C- coordinated Pt, N-coordinated Pt has higher reactivity due to the electron transfer of N-to-Pt, which enriches the density of states of Pt 5d orbital near the Fermi level and facilitates the capturing of protons, just the opposite to the situations for P- and S-coordinated ones. The stable N-coordinated Pt originates from the kinetic stability throughout the multi-H-atom adsorption process. The experimental progress and theoretical understanding in this study provides a deep insight into the correlation of heteroatom coordination and hydrogen evolution, which is significant for the rational design of advanced Pt SSCs on carbon-based supports.

Correlation between Heteroatom Coordination and Hydrogen Evolution for Single-site Pt on Carbon-based Nanocages.

Background Lactate, a byproduct of glucose metabolism, is primarily utilized for gluconeogenesis and numerous cellular and organismal life processes. Interestingly, many studies have demonstrated a correlation between lactate metabolism and tumor development. However, the relationship between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and lactate metabolism in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains to be explored. Methods Lactate metabolism-related lncRNAs (LRLs) were obtained by differential expression and correlation analyses, and the risk model was further constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis (Lasso) and Cox analysis. Clinical, immune, tumor mutation, and enrichment analyses were performed based on the risk model. The expression level of six LRLs was tested using RT-PCR. Results This study found several lncRNAs linked to lactate metabolism in both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets. Using Cox regression analysis, 303 lactate LRLs were found to be substantially associated with prognosis. Lasso was done on the TCGA cohort. Six LRLs were identified as independent predictive indicators for the development of a PTC prognostic risk model. The cohort was separated into two groups based on the median risk score (0.39717 -0.39771). Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the high-risk group had a lower survival probability and that the risk score was an independent predictive factor of prognosis. In addition, a nomogram that can easily predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of PTC patients was established. Furthermore, the association between PTC prognostic factors and tumor microenvironment (TME), immune escape, as well as tumor somatic mutation status was investigated in high- and low-risk groups. Lastly, gene expression analysis was used to confirm the differential expression levels of the six LRLs. Conclusion In conclusion, we have constructed a prognostic model that can predict the prognosis, mutation status, and TME of PTC patients. The model may have great clinical significance in the comprehensive evaluation of PTC patients.

/pdf/the-role-of-lactate-metabolism-related-lncrnas-in-the-2tof17bb.pdf

The role of lactate metabolism-related LncRNAs in the prognosis, mutation, and tumor microenvironment of papillary thyroid cancer

Cobalt-Substituted Polyoxometalates as Soluble Mediators to Boost the Lithium-Sulfur Battery Performance

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