DOI: 10.1002/admi.201800848 electrolyte-based batteries can provide structural robustness and cost advantages over competing lithium-ion batteries. Among those aqueous batteries, zinc metal batteries with zinc as anode including zinc-air battery and Zn–MnO2 battery has been investigated intensively due to its high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g−1), low negative potential (−0.762 V vs SHE), abundance, low toxicity, and the intrinsic safety advantages.[18–30] In this regard, aqueous zinc ion batteries are expected to make substantial impacts toward advanced energy storage technologies, especially in stationary grid storage. Despite the current success in exploration of cathode (including air cathode, MnO2, and so on),[20,21,23,31–35] an important barrier of the Zn-based batteries is the poor cycle life, which mainly derives from the drawbacks of the Zn metal anode and the electrolyte. The zinc corrosion behavior in the alkaline electrolyte has been studied long time ago. Several successful strategies have been adopted to address the issue through the use of soluble additives in the alkaline electrolyte,[36] the redesign of zinc anode into three dimensional zinc foam[37] and so on. However, to date, there are few reports concerning the zinc anode protection in neutral or mild acidic aqueous electrolytes. Compared with the alkaline electrolyte where the charge carrier is Zn(OH)4

Ultrathin Surface Coating Enables Stabilized Zinc Metal Anode

Diethyl ether as self-healing electrolyte additive enabled long-life rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries

With the enormous development of the electric vehicle market, fast charging battery technology is highly required. However, the slow kinetics and lithium plating under fast charging condition of traditional graphite anode hinder the fast charging capability of lithium‐ion batteries. To develop anode materials with rapid Li‐ions diffusion capability and fast reaction kinetics has received widely attentions. This review summarizes the current status in the exploration of fast charging anode materials, mainly including the critical challenge of achieving fast charging capability, the inherent structures and lithium storage mechanisms of various anode materials, as well as the recent progress to improve the rate performance involving morphology regulation, structure design, surface/interface modification, as well as forming multiphase systems. Finally, the challenges and future directions of developing fast charging Li‐ion batteries are highlighted.

Fast Charging Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Current Status and Perspectives

In recent years, lithium batteries using conventional organic liquid electrolytes have been found to possess a series of safety concerns. Because of this, solid polymer electrolytes, benefiting from shape versatility, flexibility, low-weight and low processing costs, are being investigated as promising candidates to replace currently available organic liquid electrolytes in lithium batteries. However, the inferior ion diffusion and poor mechanical performance of these promising solid polymer electrolytes remain a challenge. To resolve these challenges and improve overall comprehensive performance, polymers are being coordinated with other components, including liquid electrolytes, polymers and inorganic fillers, to form polymer-based composite electrolytes. In this review, recent advancements in polymer-based composite electrolytes including polymer/liquid hybrid electrolytes, polymer/polymer coordinating electrolytes and polymer/inorganic composite electrolytes are reviewed; exploring the benefits, synergistic mechanisms, design methods, and developments and outlooks for each individual composite strategy. This review will also provide discussions aimed toward presenting perspectives for the strategic design of polymer-based composite electrolytes as well as building a foundation for the future research and development of high-performance solid polymer electrolytes.

Recent Advancements in Polymer-Based Composite Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Conversion-type transition-metal phosphide anode materials with high theoretical capacity usually suffer from low-rate capability and severe capacity decay, which are mainly caused by their inferior electronic conductivities and large volumetric variations together with the poor reversibility of discharge product (Li3P), impeding their practical applications. Herein, guided by density functional theory calculations, these obstacles are simultaneously mitigated by confining amorphous FeP nanoparticles into ultrathin 3D interconnected P-doped porous carbon nanosheets (denoted as FeP@CNs) via a facile approach, forming an intriguing 3D flake-CNs-like configuration. As an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the resulting FeP@CNs electrode not only reaches a high reversible capacity (837 mA h g-1 after 300 cycles at 0.2 A g-1) and an exceptional rate capability (403 mA h g-1 at 16 A g-1) but also exhibits extraordinary durability (2500 cycles, 563 mA h g-1 at 4 A g-1, 98% capacity retention). By combining DFT calculations, in situ transmission electron microscopy, and a suite of ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, we show that the superior performances of FeP@CNs anode originate from its prominent structural and compositional merits, which render fast electron/ion-transport kinetics and abundant active sites (amorphous FeP nanoparticles and structural defects in P-doped CNs) for charge storage, promote the reversibility of conversion reactions, and buffer the volume variations while preventing pulverization/aggregation of FeP during cycling, thus enabling a high rate and highly durable lithium storage. Furthermore, a full cell composed of the prelithiated FeP@CNs anode and commercial LiFePO4 cathode exhibits impressive rate performance while maintaining superior cycling stability. This work fundamentally and experimentally presents a facile and effective structural engineering strategy for markedly improving the performance of conversion-type anodes for advanced LIBs.

/pdf/achieving-fast-and-durable-lithium-storage-through-amorphous-2h1ivqf88k.pdf

Achieving Fast and Durable Lithium Storage through Amorphous FeP Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Ultrathin 3D P-Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets.

High energy lithium ion battery based on multi-electron redox reaction is often accompanied by inherent large volume expansions, sluggish kinetics, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase layer, leading to capacity failure. Here, thermal induced strain relaxation is proposed to realize the solid electrolyte interphase control. It is demonstrated that through thermal treatment, lattice strain is well released and defect density is well reduced, facilitating the charge transfer, improving the interparticle contacts and the contacts at the interface of electrode to withstand the huge volume expansion/contraction during cycling. In this way, the as-prepared α-Fe2O3 electrode at 800 °C with no protective shell shows an outstanding reversible capacity of 1200 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and an excellent high-rate cyclability with a capacity fading of 0.056% per cycle for 1200 cycles at 5 A g−1. It is expected that such findings facilitate the applications of high capacity anode and cathode material systems that undergo large volume expansion.

Thermal Induced Strain Relaxation of 1D Iron Oxide for Solid Electrolyte Interphase Control and Lithium Storage Improvement

The invention relates to a porous Fe2O3 nano wire material, as well as a preparation method and application of the porous Fe2O3 nano wire material. The porous Fe2O3 nano wire material has the characteristics that the length is 5-20 microns, the diameter of a nano wire is 80-200nm, the inner part has a porous structure, and the hole diameter is 20-40nm. The porous Fe2O3 nano wire material has the beneficial effects that the porous Fe2O3 nano wire material is prepared by taking an MnOOH nano wire as a hard template, carrying out oxidation-reduction reaction to prepare an Fe(OH)x precursor nano tube and combining a solid phase sintering method; the porous Fe2O3 nano wire material has the characteristics of high capacity and good cycle stability when being taken as the negative electrode active material of a lithium ion battery; the structure stability is good, and the electrochemical performance of the material can be sufficiently developed; due to the construction of the porous Fe2O3 nano wire material, the ion/electron transportation capability of the material can be effectively improved, the diffusion path can be shortened, the ion/electron diffusion speed rate is increased, and finally, the porous Fe2O3 nano wire material can be applied to the field of electrode materials with high power and long service lives.

Porous Fe2O3 nano wire material, as well as preparation method and application of porous Fe2O3 nano wire material

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Thermal Induced Strain Relaxation of 1D Iron Oxide for Solid Electrolyte Interphase Control and Lithium Storage Improvement

Porous Fe2O3 nano wire material, as well as preparation method and application of porous Fe2O3 nano wire material