The use of polyurethane for asphalt pavement engineering applications: A state-of-the-art review

Shale oil and gas resources contribute significantly to the energy production in the U.S. Greenhouse gas emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels from potential sources of power plants, oil refineries, and flaring or venting of produced gas (primarily methane) in oilfields. Economic utilization of greenhouse gases in shale reservoirs not only increases oil or gas recovery, but also contributes to CO2 sequestration. In this paper, the feasibility and efficiency of gas injection approaches, including huff-n-puff injection and gas flooding in shale oil/gas/condensate reservoirs are discussed based on the results of in-situ pilots, and experimental and simulation studies. In each section, one type of shale reservoir is discussed, with the following aspects covered: (1) Experimental and simulation results for different gas injection approaches; (2) mechanisms of different gas injection approaches; and (3) field pilots for gas injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and enhanced gas recovery (EGR). Based on the experimental and simulation studies, as well as some successful field trials, gas injection is deemed as a potential approach for EOR and EGR in shale reservoirs. The enhanced recovery factor varies for different experiments with different rock/fluid properties or models incorporating different effects and shale complexities. Based on the simulation studies and successful field pilots, CO2 could be successfully captured in shale gas reservoirs through gas injection and huff-n-puff regimes. The status of flaring gas emissions in oilfields and the outlook of economic utilization of greenhouse gases for enhanced oil or gas recovery and CO2 storage were given in the last section. The storage capacity varies in different simulation studies and is associated with well design, gas injection scheme and operation parameters, gas adsorption, molecular diffusion, and the modelling approaches.

A Review of Gas Injection in Shale Reservoirs: Enhanced Oil/Gas Recovery Approaches and Greenhouse Gas Control

In CO2 injection, there is a minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) above that CO2 can be miscible with oil, so that oil recovery will be high. This paper is to investigate the effect of the injection pressure on enhanced oil recovery in shale oil cores under huff-n-puff CO2 injection, when the pressure is above and below the MMP. We first estimated the MMP for a Wolfcamp oil using slimtube tests. The slimtube test results showed that the estimated MMP for the CO2–Wolfcamp crude oil system was about 1620 psi at 104 °F. After that, we conducted 15 CO2 huff-n-puff experiments using three different Wolfcamp shale cores at pressures below and above the MMP. These pressures were 1200, 1600, 1800, 2000, and 2400 psi. Each huff-n-puff test has 7 cycles. The huff-n-puff experiments for three cores showed that, below the MMP, the injection pressure had a significant effect on enhancing oil recovery. Higher than the MMP, the increased pressure further increased the oil recovery until the injection pressure was about 20...

Effect of the Injection Pressure on Enhancing Oil Recovery in Shale Cores during the CO2 Huff-n-Puff Process When It Is above and below the Minimum Miscibility Pressure

3D geomechanical modeling and numerical simulation of in-situ stress fields in shale reservoirs: A case study of the lower Cambrian Niutitang formation in the Cen'gong block, South China

Millimeter to nanometer-scale tight oil–CO2 solubility parameter and minimum miscibility pressure calculations

Approximate Analytical-Pressure Studies on Dual-Porosity Reservoirs With Stress-Sensitive Permeability

Application of PC-SAFT Equation of State for CO 2 Minimum Miscibility Pressure Prediction in Nanopores

Modeling the density, solubility and viscosity of bitumen/solvent systems using PC-SAFT

Binary interaction coefficients of asymmetric CH4, C2H6, and CO2 with high n-alkanes for the simplified PC-SAFT correlation and prediction

Predicting the multiphase equilibrium and density of bitumen with C2H6, C3H8 and CO2 using the simplified PC-SAFT Equation of State

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