We demonstrate, by means of Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation on different members of the ZIF family, how topology, geometry, and linker functionalization drastically affect the water adsorption properties of these materials, tweaking the ZIF materials from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. We show that adequate functionalization of the linkers allows one to tune the host-guest interactions, even featuring dual amphiphilic materials whose pore space features both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Starting from an initially hydrophobic material (ZIF-8), various degrees of hydrophilicity could be obtained, with a gradual evolution from a type V adsorption isotherm in the liquid phase to a type I isotherm in the gas phase. This behavior is similar to what was described earlier in families of hydrophobic all-silica zeolites, with hydrophilic "defects" of various strength, such as silanol nests or the presence of extra-framework cations.

What makes zeolitic imidazolate frameworks hydrophobic or hydrophilic? The impact of geometry and functionalization on water adsorption

In previous years, different pollutants, for example, organic dyes, antibiotics, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural pollutants, have been of note to the water enterprise due to their insufficient reduction during standard water and wastewater processing methods. MOFs have been found to have potential toward wastewater management. This Review focused on the synthesis process (such as traditional, electrochemical, microwave, sonochemical, mechanochemical, and continuous-flow spray-drying method) of MOF materials. Moreover, the properties of the MOF materials have been discussed in detail. Further, MOF materials’ applications for wastewater treatment (such as the removal of antibiotics, organic dyes, heavy metal ions, and agricultural waste) have been discussed. Additionally, we have compared the performances of some typical MOFs-based materials with those of other commonly used materials. Finally, the study’s current challenges, future prospects, and outlook have been highlighted.

Metal–Organic Framework-Based Materials for Wastewater Treatment: Superior Adsorbent Materials for the Removal of Hazardous Pollutants

Abstract Photocatalytic membranes can effectively integrate membrane separation and photocatalytic degradation processes to provide an eco‐friendly solution for efficient water purification. It is of great significance to develop highly efficient photocatalytic membranes driven by visible light to ensure the long‐term stability of membrane separation systems and the maximum utilization of solar energy. Metal‐organic framework (MOF) is an emerging photocatalyst with a well‐defined structure and tunable chemical properties, showing a broad application prospect in the construction of high‐performance photocatalytic membranes. Herein, this work provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in MOF‐based photocatalytic membranes. Initially, this work outlines the main tailoring strategies that facilitate the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of MOF‐based photocatalysts. Next, this work introduces commonly used methods for fabricating MOF‐based photocatalytic membranes. Subsequently, this work discusses the application and mechanisms of MOF‐based photocatalytic membranes toward organic pollutant degradation, metal ion removal, and membrane fouling mitigation. Finally, challenges in developing MOF‐based photocatalytic membranes and their practical applications are presented, while also pointing out future research directions toward overcoming these existing limitations. 

MOF-Based Photocatalytic Membrane for Water Purification: A Review.

Water pollution has become one of the important global environmental pollution problems, wherein a variety of toxic and persistent organic pollutants in water are posing a major threat to ecological...

Metal-organic frameworks-based materials: Emerging catalysts of high-efficiency for heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in water

In-situ constructed indirect Z-type heterojunction by plasma Bi and BiO2-X–Bi2O2CO3 co-modified with BiOCl@Bi–MOF for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency toward antibiotics

Epitaxially grown MOF membranes with photocatalytic bactericidal activity for biofouling mitigation in desalination

Photocatalytic MOF membranes with two-dimensional heterostructure for the enhanced removal of agricultural pollutants in water

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Epitaxially grown MOF membranes with photocatalytic bactericidal activity for biofouling mitigation in desalination

Photocatalytic MOF membranes with two-dimensional heterostructure for the enhanced removal of agricultural pollutants in water