Rheological and microstructural properties of polysaccharide obtained from the gelatinous Tremella fuciformis fungus.

Insight on updates in polysaccharides for ocular drug delivery.

The most widely used colorimetric method based on the phenol-sulfuric acid system generally has problems of poor reproducibilities and large measurement errors. In this study, bioactive Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS) were used as the test materials, a systematic investigation was performed to solve these problems. Influences of temperature, TFPS hydrolysis, enzyme interferences, and other factors affecting the TFPS determination were intensively studied and optimized. The accurate quantification of TFPS in the presence of enzyme interference was also innovatively realized by the establishment of corrected calibration standard curves. In addition, long-term storage conditions of TFPS samples at different temperatures and storage time were also addressed and compared. This study, for the first time, completely solved the problems that existed in traditional phenol-sulfuric acid methods and thereby provided a certain theoretical basis not only for accurate detection and quantification of TFPS but for standardization and further utilization of other types of polysaccharides as well. • Temperature control is very crucial to the operation of phenol-sulfate acid method. • Enzyme interference could be eliminated by the enzyme calibration standard curve. • Temperature and storage time also influences the determination of polysaccharide. • This study completely solved the problems with phenol-sulfuric acid methods. 

A standardized method for the quantification of polysaccharides: An example of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis

Physicochemical properties and biological activities of Tremella hydrocolloids.

To investigate the composition, structure, and physical and chemical properties of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFPS), four new polysaccharide fractions (TFPS1, TFPS2, TFPS3, and TFPS4) were successfully isolated from hot water-extracted crude polysaccharides using a DEAE-52 cellulose column. Their structures were analyzed using FT-IR, SEM, HPGPC, monosaccharide composition, Congo red and I2-KI experiments. TFPS1 was found to be a heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 742 Da for the major polysaccharide fragment. TFPS2, TFPS3, and TFPS4 were identified as single-component homogeneous polysaccharides with molecular weights of 350774 Da, 622675 Da, and 624724 Da, respectively. Glucose was the dominant monosaccharide of TFPS1 and TFPS2, while mannose was the major monosaccharide of TFPS3 and TFPS4. The results showed that TFPS1 and TFPS2 displayed a stable triple helix structure in aqueous solution, while TFPS3 and TFPS4 had longer side chains and more branched chains. Additionally, all four TFPSs showed in vitro antioxidant activity, as well as significant cholesterol binding and sodium taurocholate binding abilities. 

Structural analysis, in vitro antioxidant and lipid-lowering activities of purified Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide fractions

Physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion behavior of a new bioactive Tremella fuciformis gum.

Pleurotus eryngii is a commercially important edible fungus with high nutritional and economic value. However, few functional studies have examined key genes affecting the growth and development of P. eryngii. In this study, transformed strains, including over-expression (PeGNAI-OE) and RNA interference (PeGNAI-RNAi) lines, were constructed to elucidate the role of GNAI in P. eryngii growth. GNAI expression was found to affect the mycelial growth and the number of clamp connections. Moreover, the transformed strains were shown to have higher endogenous cAMP levels, thus affecting amylase and laccase activity. Fruiting experiments showed that GNAI expression revealed the formation of P. eryngii primordia and the number of buttons, while transcription analysis identified GNAI gene involvement in the growth and development of P. eryngii. Seven downstream genes regulated by GNAI were differentially expressed in PeGNAI-OE and PeGNAI-RNAi compared to wild type (WT). These genes may be related to mycelial growth and enzyme activity. They were involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, inositol phosphate metabolism, ascorbate, aldarate metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. In summary, GNAI performs different physiological functions in regulating the growth and development of P. eryngii. Importantly, the molecular mechanisms of GNAI regulatory function are relatively complex and need further study.

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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Function of a G-Protein α Subunit Gene in the Growth and Development of Pleurotus eryngii

Determination of Berberine Hydrochloride and Total Glucosides of Paeony by ^1H NMR for Quality Control of Fufang Huangliansu Commercial Products

Hypsizygus marmoreus has become one of the most popular edible mushrooms due to its high nutritional and economic value. Previous researchers found that Serratia odorifera could promote the growth of H. marmoreus by producing and secreting some of its inducers. However, the specific mechanism of action was still unclear. In this study, we found that the exogenous addition of sterile fermentation filtrate (HZSO-1), quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules, 3-oxo-C6-HSL, cyclo(Pro-Leu), and cyclo(Tyr-Leu) could significantly promote the growth of H. marmoreus, increase the number of clamp junctions, and the diameter of mycelium (p < 0.05). In addition, non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 706 metabolites were detected in the treated group. Of these, 307 metabolites were significantly different (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, 54 and 86 metabolites were significantly increased and decreased in the HZSO-1 group, respectively (p < 0.05). We speculate that the sterile fermentation filtrate of S. odorifera could mediate the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism of H. marmoreus by influencing the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to increase the energy supply for the growth and development of the mycelium. The above results will further reveal the growth-promoting mechanism of S. odorifera on H. marmoreus.

The Promoting Mechanism of the Sterile Fermentation Filtrate of Serratia odorifera on Hypsizygus marmoreus by Means of Metabolomics Analysis

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Papers

Physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion behavior of a new bioactive Tremella fuciformis gum.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Function of a G-Protein α Subunit Gene in the Growth and Development of Pleurotus eryngii

Determination of Berberine Hydrochloride and Total Glucosides of Paeony by ^1H NMR for Quality Control of Fufang Huangliansu Commercial Products

The Promoting Mechanism of the Sterile Fermentation Filtrate of Serratia odorifera on Hypsizygus marmoreus by Means of Metabolomics Analysis