Review on natural plant fibres and their hybrid composites for structural applications: Recent trends and future perspectives

The mechanical and biological properties of polylactic acid (PLA) need to be further improved in order to be used for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Utilizing a material extrusion technique, three-dimensional (3D) PLA-Ti6Al4V (Ti64) scaffolds with open pores and interconnected channels were successfully fabricated. In spite of the fact that the glass transition temperature of PLA increased with the addition of Ti64, the melting and crystallization temperatures as well as the thermal stability of filaments decreased slightly. However, the addition of 3-6 wt% Ti64 enhanced the mechanical properties of PLA, increasing the ultimate compressive strength and compressive modulus of PLA-3Ti64 to 49.9 MPa and 1.9 GPa, respectively. Additionally, the flowability evaluations revealed that all composite filaments met the print requirements. During the plasma treatment of scaffolds, not only was the root-mean-square (Rq) of PLA (1.8 nm) increased to 60 nm, but also its contact angle (90.4°) significantly decreased to (46.9°). FTIR analysis confirmed the higher hydrophilicity as oxygen-containing groups became more intense. By virtue of the outstanding role of plasma treatment as well as Ti64 addition, a marked improvement was observed in Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining), and differentiation (Alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining). Based on these results, it appears that the fabricated scaffolds have potential applications in BTE. 

/pdf/enhanced-bone-tissue-regeneration-using-a-3d-printed-poly-3irkjjmu.pdf

Enhanced bone tissue regeneration using a 3D-printed poly(lactic acid)/Ti6Al4V composite scaffold with plasma treatment modification

In the present study, investigations for mechanical, thermal and magnetic properties of polymeric composite matrix comprising of polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced with wood dust and magnetite (Fe3O4) powder have been reported for possible four-dimensional printing applications. PLA polymer shows 4D properties based upon external stimulus along with excellent mechanical properties. The reinforcement of PVC, wood dust and Fe3O4 in PLA affects the 4D capabilities of composite matrix, which has been explored in this work based upon coercivity, magnetization, retentivity along with tensile properties and thermal stability. It has been observed that mechanical processing with twin screw extrusion at 170 °C barrel temperature, 0.10 Nm torque and 10 kg load are the optimized parametric conditions for hybrid blend (composite composition/proportion PLA 50 wt%–PVC 25 wt%–Fe3O4 20 wt%–wood dust 5 wt%). Further, it has been ascertained that only screw temperature is significant parameter for controlling the mechanical properties of the extrudate. The results are supported by surface hardness, surface roughness (Ra), porosity percentage (%) and fractured surface analysis.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40430-020-2251-4.pdf

Investigations for mechanical, thermal and magnetic properties of polymeric composite matrix for four-dimensional printing applications

This study aims to produce polypropylene (PP)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) melt-blown membranes for oil/water separation and photocatalysis. PP and different contents of TiO2 are melt-blended to prepare master batches using a single screw extruder. The master batches are then fabricated into PP/TiO2 melt-blown membranes. The thermal properties of the master batches are analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and their particle dispersion and melt-blown membrane morphology are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. TiO2 loaded on melt-blown membranes is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The oil/water separation ability of the melt-blown membranes is evaluated to examine the influence of TiO2 content. Results show that the thermal stability and photocatalytic effect of the membranes increase with TiO2 content. TiO2 shows a good dispersion in the PP membranes. After 3 wt.% TiO2 addition, crystallinity increases by 6.4%, thermal decomposition temperature increases by 25 °C compared with pure PP membranes. The resultant PP/TiO2 melt-blown membrane has a good morphology, and better hydrophobicity even in acetone solution or 6 h ultraviolet irradiation, and a high oil flux of about 15,000 L·m-2·h-1. Moreover, the membranes have stabilized oil/water separation efficiency after being repeatedly used. The proposed melt-blown membranes are suitable for mass production for separating oil from water in massively industrial dyeing wastewater.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/5/775/pdf

PP/TiO2 Melt-Blown Membranes for Oil/Water Separation and Photocatalysis: Manufacturing Techniques and Property Evaluations.

The nonwoven industry is one of the most innovative and important branches of the global fiber products industry. However, the use of petrochemical-based materials in many nonwoven products leads to severe environmental issues such as generation of microplastics. Synthetic material use in nonwovens is currently around 66%. This review covers potential technologies for the use of bio-based materials in nonwoven products. The current generation of nonwoven products relies heavily on the use of synthetic binders and fibers. These materials allow for products with high functional properties, such as permanence, strength, bulk, and haptic properties. The next generation of nonwoven products will have a higher fraction of natural and renewable materials as both binders and fiber elements. There are a wide range of materials under investigation in various nonwoven product categories. Especially, lignocellulosic materials are of interest. This includes traditional pulp fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, lignin binders and nanomaterials derived from wood. The development of water stable, strong interfiber bonding concepts is one of the main problems to be solved for advancing bio-based nonwoven products.

Bio-based materials for nonwovens

With increasing demands on the high-performance and environmental-friendly melt-blown nonwovens (MBs) for separation and filtration, herein, we reported a poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 11 (PLA/PA11) ...

Study on dual-monomer melt-grafted poly(lactic acid) compatibilized poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 11 blends and toughened melt-blown nonwovens:

Photocatalysis is a hopeful technology to solve various environmental problems, but it is still a technical task to produce large-scale photocatalysts in a simple and sustainable way. Here, nano-flower β-Bi2O3/TiO2 composites were prepared via a facile solvothermal method, and the photocatalytic performances of β-Bi2O3/TiO2 composites with different Bi/Ti molar ratios were studied. The nano-flower Bi2O3/TiO2 composites were studied by SEM, XRD, XPS, BET, and PL. The PL result proved that the construction of staggered heterojunction enhanced the separation efficiency of carriers. The degradation RhB was applied to study the photocatalytic performances of prepared materials. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of RhB increased from 61.2% to 99.6% when the molar ratio of Bi/Ti was 2.1%. It is a mesoporous approach to enhance photocatalytic properties by forming heterojunction in Bi2O3/TiO2 composites, which increases the separation efficiency of the generated carriers and improves photocatalytic properties. The photoactivity of the Bi2O3/TiO2 has no evident changes after the fifth recovery, indicating that the Bi2O3/TiO2 composite has distinguished stability.

/pdf/facile-synthesis-of-nano-flower-b-bi2o3-tio2-heterojunction-1jkkyvda.pdf

Facile Synthesis of Nano-Flower β-Bi2O3/TiO2 Heterojunction as Photocatalyst for Degradation RhB

Heterojunction photocatalytic materials show excellent performance in degrading toxic pollutants. This study investigates the influence of calcination temperature on the performances of floral Bi2O3/TiO2 composite photocatalyst crystal, which was prepared with glycerol, bismuth nitrate, and titanium tetrachloride as the major raw materials via the solvothermal method. XRD, SEM/TEM, BET, Uv-vis, and XPS were employed to analyze the crystal structure, morphology, specific surface area, band gap, and surface chemical structure of the calcined temperature catalysts. The calcination temperature influence on the catalytic performance of composite photocatalysis was tested with rhodamine B (RhB) as the degradation object. The results revealed the high catalytic activity and higher photocatalytic performance of the Bi2O3/TiO2 catalyst. The degradation efficiency of the Bi2O3/TiO2 catalyst to RhB was 97%, 100%, and 91% at 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C calcination temperatures, respectively, in which the peak degradation activity appeared at 450 °C. The characterization results show that the appropriate calcination temperature promoted the crystallization of the Bi2O3/TiO2 catalyst, increased its specific surface area and the active sites of catalytic reaction, and improved the separation efficiency of electrons and holes.

/pdf/influence-of-calcination-temperature-on-photocatalyst-27z32bcx.pdf

Influence of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalyst Performances of Floral Bi2O3/TiO2 Composite

: Heterojunction photocatalytic materials show excellent performance in degrading toxic pollutants. This study investigates the inﬂuence of calcination temperature on the performances of ﬂoral Bi 2 O 3 /TiO 2 composite photocatalyst crystal, which was prepared with glycerol, bismuth nitrate, and titanium tetrachloride as the major raw materials via the solvothermal method. XRD, SEM/TEM, BET, Uv-vis, and XPS were employed to analyze the crystal structure, morphology, speciﬁc surface area, band gap, and surface chemical structure of the calcined temperature catalysts. The calcination temperature inﬂuence on the catalytic performance of composite photocatalysis was tested with rho-damine B (RhB) as the degradation object. The results revealed the high catalytic activity and higher photocatalytic performance of the Bi 2 O 3 /TiO 2 catalyst. The degradation efﬁciency of the Bi 2 O 3 /TiO 2 catalyst to RhB was 97%, 100%, and 91% at 400 ◦ C, 450 ◦ C, and 500 ◦ C calcination temperatures, respectively, in which the peak degradation activity appeared at 450 ◦ C. The characterization results show that the appropriate calcination temperature promoted the crystallization of the Bi 2 O 3 /TiO 2 catalyst, increased its speciﬁc surface area and the active sites of catalytic reaction, and improved the separation efﬁciency of electrons and holes.

Inﬂuence of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalyst Performances of Floral Bi 2 O 3 /TiO 2 Composite

A kind of magnetic poly (lactic acid) (PLA) melt blown nonwoven fabric (MB) was fabricated by the introduction of ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles to improve its air filtration performances....

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1558925020968222

Preparation and Characterization of magnetic PLA/Fe3O4-g-PLLA composite melt blown nonwoven fabric for air filtration:

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