Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting....

Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing

Consolidation phenomena in laser and powder-bed based layered manufacturing

Solid freeforming is a genus of manufacturing processes in which three-dimensional objects are assembled by point, line or planar addition of material. Confining surfaces, such as mould or die walls, are absent. The shape is built by adding rather than subtracting material. Solid freeforming has come to be computer controlled over the past two decades in parallel with the expansion of the data handling capacity of personal computers. It can be used for rapid prototyping but also offers mass production pathways in which individuation is possible. It is of particular interest for the creation, inter alia, of prosthetics that can be individually built from modified X-ray computed tomographic data. Some routes offer the additional capability to control, from the computer, not just the shape but also the composition throughout a component. Thus, three-dimensional functional gradients in multiphase ordered composites become possible. The concept of 'design' now embraces the integration of the spatial va...

Solid freeform fabrication of ceramics

Selective laser sintering/melting is a powder- and laser-based additive manufacturing process. It can process many types of materials such as polymer, metal, ceramic, and composite and can make complex parts. Its industrial applications are found in many areas such as automotive, aerospace, tooling, biomedical, and architecture. The chapter gives an overview of the process, research accomplished, binding mechanisms, influence of process parameters on product properties, building strategy, postprocessing, types of commercial systems, various applications, and comparison with other additive manufacturing processes. It also deals with the issue of sustainability and recommends future works.

Selective Laser Sintering/Melting

Abstract Rapid prototyping technology (RP), based on designing and computer aided manufacturing, is widely used in traditional branches of industry. Due to its ability to accurately and precisely manufacture designed elements of various dimensions and complicated geometry, this technology is more and more frequently applied in the field of biomedical engineering. Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a universal RP technique, utilizing a laser beam to sinter powdered materials and create three-dimensional objects. Data for producing parts for tissue replacement come from medical imaging capabilities and digital presentation of test results. This paper presents the following: general classification of RP methods, the concept and methodology of performing laser sintering, sintering mechanisms, and the application of elements manufactured using this technology in biomedical engineering, particularly for the production of scaffolds used in tissue cultures, skeletal and dental prostheses in dental implantation, manufacturing of custom-made implants that are individually adjusted to the patient, and for production of training models on which a team of surgeons can train a surgical technique.

/pdf/selective-laser-sintering-binding-mechanism-and-assistance-1bkxcjfvb8.pdf

Selective Laser Sintering – Binding Mechanism And Assistance In Medical Applications

Three methods for coating polymer with metallic particles are investigated. By means of these methods, PMMA, Nylon 11 and epoxy-acrylate coating are obtained with a metallic surface of needle particles, granule particles and spherical particles. Electron Probe Analysis (EPA) results indicate that the fluidized bed method can be used successfully for coating polymer on spherical particles. In AFS-300 automatic fabrication system, using the epoxy-acrylate coated Ni powder, archetypes with lower dimensional shrinkage and higher smoothness have been manufactured successfully.

Development of polymer coated metallic powder for selective laser sintering (SLS) process

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Development of polymer coated metallic powder for selective laser sintering (SLS) process