The reliable correlation model for intelligent compaction (IC) is to be developed by integrating characteristics of the filling material and control parameters of the vibratory roller. Key characteristics of the backfill soil from the construction site of Rongwu Highway are tested through the modified Proctor test and the direct shear test. A well-documented dataset is built by summarizing 4000 shear strengths from open literature and 246 data from laboratory tests in this study. The PSO-BP-NN model is developed based on this dataset to predict the shear strength and compactness of the subgrade soil in the scope of mechanical properties and compaction powers. The importance analysis of the input variables is performed with the Random Forest algorithm. The influence mechanism is analyzed in sequence. The plain soil and the lime soil demonstrate typical compaction curves, and the lime soil is less sensitive to the influence factors. An optimal compaction power exists for determining the optimal moisture content utilizing the shear strength, tending to be less conservative. The moisture content is the most important factor for the compactness, followed by the compaction power; the particle size is suggested to be considered for real-time evaluations. The compaction mechanism is mainly attributed to the water film theory and the electrochemical property of the filling soil. This study aims to provide a reliable model to estimate the compactness in the aspect of material properties so as to enhance the accuracy of the IC model. 

Compaction quality evaluation of subgrade based on soil characteristics assessment using machine learning

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Multi-Scale Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Fully Recycled Aggregate Concrete

This research focused on the modification effects on recycled concrete (RC) prepared with nano-SiO2 and CO2 cured recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) subjected to an aggressive ions environment. For this purpose, RCA was first simply crushed and modified by nano-SiO2 and CO2, respectively, and the compressive strength, ions permeability as well as the macro properties and features of the interface transition zone (ITZ) of RC were investigated after soaking in 3.5% NaCl solution and 5% Na2SO4 solution for 30 days, respectively. The results show that nano-SiO2 modified RC displays higher compressive strength and ions penetration resistance than that treated by carbonation. Besides, we find that ions attack has a significant influence on the microcracks width and micro-hardness of the ITZ between old aggregate and old mortar. The surface topography, elemental distribution and micro-hardness demonstrate that nano-SiO2 curing can significantly decrease the microcracks width as well as Cl- and SO42- penetration in ITZ, thus increasing the micro-hardness, compared with CO2 treatment.

A Comparative Study of the Properties of Recycled Concrete Prepared with Nano-SiO2 and CO2 Cured Recycled Coarse Aggregates Subjected to Aggressive Ions Environment

The application of construction waste as an aggregate in subgrade backfilling is an important recycling option. This study analyzed a subgrade backfill material consisting of lime-fly ash construction waste mixture (LFCWM). Compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on LFCWM under different cement-aggregate ratios (CARs, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 8:2). Different normal stresses (100, 200, and 300 kPa) and aggregate sizes (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% of P4.75) were also evaluated. The experimental results indicated that: (1) when the CAR was 4:6, the optimum water content and the maximum dry density reached their maximum values of 10.1% and 2.03 g/cm3, respectively, the maximum CBR value was 42.5%, and the shear strength reached its maximum value. (2) With an increase in shear displacement, the shear stress showed a rapid initial increase, then a slow decrease, and finally tended to stabilize. (3) Normal stress had a positive effect on the shear strength of the mixture. (4) When P4.75 was 40%, the shear strength of LFCWM was the maximum. The research results have been successfully applied to road engineering, providing an important reference for the application of construction waste aggregate in roadbed engineering.

Study on Performance Tests and the Application of Construction Waste as Subgrade Backfill

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Study on Performance Tests and the Application of Construction Waste as Subgrade Backfill