The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates billions of smart devices that can communicate with one another with minimal human intervention. IoT is one of the fastest developing fields in the history of computing, with an estimated 50 billion devices by the end of 2020. However, the crosscutting nature of IoT systems and the multidisciplinary components involved in the deployment of such systems have introduced new security challenges. Implementing security measures, such as encryption, authentication, access control, network and application security for IoT devices and their inherent vulnerabilities is ineffective. Therefore, existing security methods should be enhanced to effectively secure the IoT ecosystem. Machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) have advanced considerably over the last few years, and machine intelligence has transitioned from laboratory novelty to practical machinery in several important applications. Consequently, ML/DL methods are important in transforming the security of IoT systems from merely facilitating secure communication between devices to security-based intelligence systems. The goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive survey of ML methods and recent advances in DL methods that can be used to develop enhanced security methods for IoT systems. IoT security threats that are related to inherent or newly introduced threats are presented, and various potential IoT system attack surfaces and the possible threats related to each surface are discussed. We then thoroughly review ML/DL methods for IoT security and present the opportunities, advantages and shortcomings of each method. We discuss the opportunities and challenges involved in applying ML/DL to IoT security. These opportunities and challenges can serve as potential future research directions.

A Survey of Machine and Deep Learning Methods for Internet of Things (IoT) Security

Voluminous amounts of data have been produced, since the past decade as the miniaturization of Internet of things (IoT) devices increases. However, such data are not useful without analytic power. Numerous big data, IoT, and analytics solutions have enabled people to obtain valuable insight into large data generated by IoT devices. However, these solutions are still in their infancy, and the domain lacks a comprehensive survey. This paper investigates the state-of-the-art research efforts directed toward big IoT data analytics. The relationship between big data analytics and IoT is explained. Moreover, this paper adds value by proposing a new architecture for big IoT data analytics. Furthermore, big IoT data analytic types, methods, and technologies for big data mining are discussed. Numerous notable use cases are also presented. Several opportunities brought by data analytics in IoT paradigm are then discussed. Finally, open research challenges, such as privacy, big data mining, visualization, and integration, are presented as future research directions.

Big IoT Data Analytics: Architecture, Opportunities, and Open Research Challenges

Chemometrics play a critical role in biosensors-based detection, analysis, and diagnosis. Nowadays, as a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) have achieved impressive advances. However, novel advanced ML methods, especially deep learning, which is famous for image analysis, facial recognition, and speech recognition, has remained relatively elusive to the biosensor community. Herein, how ML can be beneficial to biosensors is systematically discussed. The advantages and drawbacks of most popular ML algorithms are summarized on the basis of sensing data analysis. Specially, deep learning methods such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) are emphasized. Diverse ML-assisted electrochemical biosensors, wearable electronics, SERS and other spectra-based biosensors, fluorescence biosensors and colorimetric biosensors are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, biosensor networks and multibiosensor data fusion are introduced. This review will nicely bridge ML with biosensors, and greatly expand chemometrics for detection, analysis, and diagnosis.

Advancing Biosensors with Machine Learning

pdf/machine-learning-based-solutions-for-security-of-internet-of-2xwffz6i0x.pdf

Machine learning based solutions for security of Internet of Things (IoT): A survey

Real-time big data processing for anomaly detection: A Survey

This study proposed a method which can detect large-scale attacks, such as DoS attacks, in real-time by weighted KNN classifiers. The key factor for designing an anomaly-based NIDS is to select significant features for making decisions. Not only is excellent detection performance required, but real-time processing is also demanded for most NIDSs. A good feature selection policy, which can choose significant and as few as possible features, plays a key role for any successful NIDS. The study proposed a genetic algorithm combined with KNN (k-nearest-neighbor) for feature selection and weighting. All initial 35 features in the training phase were weighted, and the top ones were selected to implement NIDSs for testing. Many DoS attacks were applied to evaluate the systems. For known attacks, an overall accuracy rate as high as 97.42% was obtained, while only the top 19 features were considered. For unknown attacks, an overall accuracy rate of 78% was obtained using the top 28 features.

Real-time anomaly detection systems for Denial-of-Service attacks by weighted k-nearest-neighbor classifiers

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Real-time anomaly detection systems for Denial-of-Service attacks by weighted k-nearest-neighbor classifiers