BACKGROUND: Biological covariates such as age and sex can markedly influence biochemical marker reference values, but no comprehensive study has examined such changes across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) collected comprehensive nationwide health information and blood samples from children and adults in the household population and, in collaboration with the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER), examined biological changes in biochemical markers from pediatric to geriatric age, establishing a comprehensive reference interval database for routine disease biomarkers. METHODS: The CHMS collected health information, physical measurements, and biosamples (blood and urine) from approximately 12 000 Canadians aged 3–79 years and measured 24 biochemical markers with the Ortho Vitros 5600 FS analyzer or a manual microplate. By use of CLSI C28-A3 guidelines, we determined age- and sex-specific reference intervals, including corresponding 90% CIs, on the basis of specific exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Biochemical marker reference values exhibited dynamic changes from pediatric to geriatric age. Most biochemical markers required some combination of age and/or sex partitioning. Two or more age partitions were required for all analytes except bicarbonate, which remained constant throughout life. Additional sex partitioning was required for most biomarkers, except bicarbonate, total cholesterol, total protein, urine iodine, and potassium. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the fluctuations in biochemical markers over a wide age range provides important insight into biological processes and facilitates clinical application of biochemical markers to monitor manifestation of various disease states. The CHMS-CALIPER collaboration addresses this important evidence gap and allows the establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals.

Biochemical Marker Reference Values across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey

International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects

Interleukin-17FT7488 allele is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer and tumor progression.

Polar molecules (PMs) are ubiquitous and serve many important functions in living organisms, and abnormal PM metabolism is often associated with disease onset. The authors show that PMs other than water contribute substantially to microwave absorption by blood. This phenomenon is important for thermoacoustic functional imaging in a biomedical context, which has been held back by a lack of understanding of the relevant physics. This work establishes an $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n$ $v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o$ noninvasive functional imaging system, for real-time monitoring of concentration changes of polar molecules and imaging of blood vessels in a large field of view.

Microwave-Pumped Electric-Dipole Resonance Absorption for Noninvasive Functional Imaging

Tumor-infiltrating CD4[+] Th17 cells produce IL-17 in tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression in human gastric cancer

Background

Currently there are no reference intervals (RIs) of sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl) on Chinese population. Two kinds of ion-selective electrode (ISE) methods were commonly used to determine K, Na, and Cl levels in China, the difference between these two methods needs to be evaluated.



Methods

A total of 4,524 healthy participants (1,916 males and 2,608 females) between 20–79 years old from six cities in China were selected by strict criteria. Serum K, Na, and CL were tested on Roche Modular analyzers in six assigned laboratories. According to EP-9A2, using Roche Modular analyzer (indirect ISE) as comparative method, Olympus AU 5400 analyzer (indirect ISE) and Johnson&Johnson Fusion 5.1 analyzer (direct ISE) were evaluated.



Results

In Chinese population, the RIs for K, Na, and CL are 3.6–5.2, 136–146, and 99–110 mmol/l, respectively. Compared to the Roche indirect ISE method, Johnson direct ISE method showed a positive bias; and Olympus indirect ISE method just showed a very slight bias.



Conclusion

The RIs of K, Na, and Cl of Han Chinese healthy adult population were found to be smaller than those provided by the manufacturer. By a criteria of biological variations for CV, the differences of Na and K between Roche analyzer and Johnson analyzer were not acceptable for clinical application, while the differences of Na, K, and Cl between Roche and Olympus analyzers were acceptable for clinical application.

/pdf/reference-intervals-of-serum-sodium-potassium-and-chlorine-4znv9x6nut.pdf

Reference Intervals of Serum Sodium, Potassium, and Chlorine in Chinese Han Population and Comparison of Two ISE Methods.

Inflammatory/immune cells have the power of infiltrating almost all human solid tumors and influencing all stages of carcinogenesis because of their stimulation of various cytokine subsets. This study aims to determine the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-17F gene and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). One thousand patients diagnosed with CRC and a control group of 354 healthy controls were involved. Peripheral blood samples were collected. The PCR-RFLP method was used to detect the 7383A>G (rs2397084) and 7488T>C (rs763780) in the IL-17F gene. Statistical analyses were conducted with version 12.0 STATA statistical software. We found that the allele model suggested that patients carrying C allele were 1.67 times more likely to develop CRC than healthy controls (odds ratio (OR) = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-2.27, P = 0.001). Similarly, the homozygous and dominant models also revealed that the minor IL-17F 7488C allele conferred an increased CRC risk compared to the major T allele among our study participants (CC vs. TT: OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 1.26-13.36, P = 0.011; TC+CC vs. TT: OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.04-2.05, P = 0.027). However, all genetic models indicated that the IL-17F 7383A>G (rs2397084) polymorphism was not associated with CRC risk (all P > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that the 7488T>C (rs763780) in the IL-17F gene may be correlated with increased risk of CRC.

Correlation of IL-1F genetic polymorphisms with the risk of colorectal cancer among Chinese populations

Background Reference intervals (RIs) transference can expand the applicability of established RIs. However, the study on transference methodology is insufficient, and RIs validation based on small samples cannot adequately identify transferred risk under complex situations. This study aimed to find appropriate conditions to ensure the effect of transference. Methods We established the RIs of Roche and Beckman systems for 27 analytes based on 681 healthy individuals. Roche RIs were converted into the Beckman RIs using linear regression (least squares method) which is divided into two methods - Methodref (500 test numbers with relatively narrow data range) and Methodep (80 test numbers with relatively wide data range). Taking the RIs established by Beckman results as standard, we assessed the accuracy, precision and trueness of transferred results under various conditions. Results A total of 29.6% and 48.1% of analytes were consistent between the two systems for the lower and upper reference limits, respectively. The concordance rates between transferred and measured RIs for Methodref were up to 74.1% and 92.6%, which were better than Methodep (44.4% and 59.3%). The CV of transferred reference limits decreased gradually with increasing test number under the same data range. For most analytes, excluding some electrolyte tests, we could obtain accurate results when r > 0.800 and the test number was sufficient regardless of the regression equation types. Conclusions Transferability of RIs is affected by many factors, such as correlation, test number, regression equation type, and quality requirement. To reduce the risk of transference, it is very important to select right method with reasonable conditions.

A study on reference interval transference via linear regression.

Inflammatory/immune cells have the power of infiltrating almost all
 human solid tumors and influencing all stages of carcinogenesis because of their
 stimulation of various cytokine subsets. This study aims to determine the
 correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-17F gene and the risk of
 colorectal cancer (CRC). One thousand patients diagnosed with CRC and a control
 group of 354 healthy controls were involved. Peripheral blood samples were
 collected. The PCR-RFLP method was used to detect the 7383A>G (rs2397084) and
 7488T>C (rs763780) in the IL-17F gene. Statistical analyses were conducted with
 version 12.0 STATA statistical software. We found that the allele model suggested
 that patients carrying C allele were 1.67 times more likely to develop CRC than
 healthy controls (odds ratio (OR) = 1.67, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–2.27,
 P = 0.001). Similarly, the homozygous and
 dominant models also revealed that the minor IL-17F 7488C allele conferred an
 increased CRC risk compared to the major T allele among our study participants (CC
 vs. TT: OR = 4.15, 95 % CI = 1.26–13.36, P = 0.011; TC+CC vs. TT: OR = 1.46, 95 % CI = 1.04–2.05, P = 0.027). However, all genetic models indicated that
 the IL-17F
 7383A>G (rs2397084) polymorphism was not associated with CRC risk (all P > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that
 the 7488T>C (rs763780) in the IL-17F gene may be correlated with increased risk of
 CRC.

/pdf/retraction-note-to-correlation-of-il-1f-genetic-30t74e9ju5.pdf

Retraction Note to: Correlation of IL-1F genetic polymorphisms with the risk of colorectal cancer among Chinese populations

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Papers

Reference Intervals of Serum Sodium, Potassium, and Chlorine in Chinese Han Population and Comparison of Two ISE Methods.

Correlation of IL-1F genetic polymorphisms with the risk of colorectal cancer among Chinese populations

A study on reference interval transference via linear regression.

Retraction Note to: Correlation of IL-1F genetic polymorphisms with the risk of colorectal cancer among Chinese populations