Finite element analysis on the biomechanical stability of open porous titanium scaffolds for large segmental bone defects under physiological load conditions

Porous titanium and alloy can be used for structural materials and functional materials, which are applied to in all fields. The difference of characteristics has great influence on the mechanical properties. The effect of research on the pore characteristics has great significance on the mechanical properties of titanium foams, the purpose of which is to obtain porous titanium foams with excellent properties. The influence of the porosity of porous titanium on mechanical properties has been studied by the finite element analysis software of COMSOL Multiphysics and digital image analysis software of Image-J. The porosity of porous titanium increases from 28.30% up to 72.30%, resulting in that the elastic modulus decreases from 30.77GPa to 15.94GPa, which are consistent with experimental results obtained by powder sintering technique. It shows that the elastic modulus decreases with the increase of porosity.

Effect of the Porosity on Compressive Properties of Porous Materials

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) research has reached a significant level of maturity. This paper reviews the role of modeling and simulation in BTE, highlighting their exceptional utility in assessing and validating experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo. The study categorizes BTE simulations into three key areas: 1- Modeling Physical Phenomena: This includes simulations based on Computer-Aided Design (CAD), medical imaging, and the finite element method. 2- Structural Complexity and Scaffold Optimization: This involves exploring intricate scaffold structures and optimizing their design. 3- Diverse Simulation Conditions for Lattice structure: This category delves into simulations under varying conditions to understand scaffold behavior. The paper's focus is on CAD-based and medical image-based finite element analysis models of lattice structure, emphasizing their importance in BTE. Two significant findings emerge: 1- In silico experiments offer extraordinary possibilities and economic benefits in BTE research. They provide invaluable insights and reduce the need for resource-intensive physical experiments. 2- Collaborative practices are crucial for advancing BTE research. Collaboration among researchers strengthens the credibility and applicability of quantifiable and structurally sound methodologies within the field, fostering innovation and progress. 

Design and simulating lattice structures in the FE analysis of the femur bone

A goal of hard tissue biomaterials research is to design composites inducing formation of a characteristic interfacial layer and bone matrix with adequate biomechanical properties. Hydroxyapatite ceramic and titanium alloy are the most promising candidates for this purpose. The mechanical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite ceramic, titanium metal, and titanium alloy are described. The development of composite with the biological properties of hydroxyapatite ceramic and mechanical properties of titanium and titanium alloy is reviewed in this paper. One of the most important clinical applications of hydroxyapatite is as a coating on metal implants, especially plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coating on titanium alloy substrate. However, the poor bonding strength of hydroxyapatite and titanium alloy has been of concern to orthopedists. A way to achieve a micro composite by powder sintering hydroxyapatite and titanium is proposed.

Development of hydroxyapatite and titanium as bone substitute materials

Modeling and Simulation of Scaffolds in Varied Conditions Using CAD and Medical Images

Biomechanical compatibility is one of the key targets for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. As the repair of hard tissue, the scaffold should be of similar strength and elasticity modulus with replaced bone to avoid stress shielding. This paper combines the finite element method and the computer simulation technology analyzing the stress influence of the porous β-TCP scaffold and the middle of femur in different internal architectures, and the simulation results show that scaffold implants at lower porosity conducive to the elimination of stress shielding. The aim of this paper is to provide the theory and design basis on the bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

Biomechanical Numerical Simulation of Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

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Biomechanical Numerical Simulation of Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds