Relevance of dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and fiber intake before and during pregnancy for the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal glucose homeostasis.

Purpose The Taicang and Wuqiang cohort study (TAWS) was established to examine the association between early-life nutrition and children’s health, and to explore the potential roles of maternal health, metabolites and microbiota in children’s health in two different regions of China. Participants A total of 7041 mother–child pairs were recruited during early pregnancy (n=4035, 57.3%) or delivery phase (n=3006, 42.7%) from health centres or hospitals in Taicang and Wuqiang. Mother–child pairs were followed up three times during pregnancy, once during delivery, and 7–10 times in the 3 years after delivery. Questionnaires were used to collect data on diet, supplementary intake, physical activity, depression scale, disease occurrence, feeding practice and development quotient of children. Anthropometric measurements of mothers and their children were assessed at each visit. Pregnancy outcomes were extracted from medical records. Biospecimens were collected and stored, including venous blood, cord blood, urine, stool, breast milk, cord and placenta. Findings to date Data from the TAWS cohort showed different baseline characteristics of participants at the two sites of TAWS. Abnormal metabolism occurred among newborns whose mothers were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Maternal serum folic acid above 14.5 ng/mL at early pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of delivering small-for-gestational-age newborns. Future plans The association between maternal nutrition and the health of offspring will be examined at various follow-up visits. Biomarkers will be analysed to assess the associations between early-life nutrition and child development, immunity and health. Strategic recommendations for optimal infant feeding practices, obesity prevention and routine healthcare items will be developed and proposed based on the findings from the study. Children in this prospective cohort study will be followed up once a year until age 12 years to further examine the relationships between early-life nutrition and children’s long-term development and health.

/pdf/cohort-profile-the-taicang-and-wuqiang-mother-child-cohort-3i01dz9b.pdf

Cohort profile: the Taicang and Wuqiang mother–child cohort study (TAWS) in China

Effect of a High-Fat Diet and Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota of Maternal Mice at Term Pregnancy and Offspring at Three-Week Postpartum

Birth cohort studies in China: New insights and new directions.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el estado nutricional y las complicaciones gestacionales en pacientes atendidas en el servicio de gineco-obstetricia de un hospital del departamento de Ica durante el 2020. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, analítico de asociación, transversal y retrospectivo; cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 242 gestantes seleccionadas mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se empleó como instrumento una ficha de recolección de datos y para el análisis estadístico bivariado, se utilizó la prueba Chi2, considerando a un p-valor menor a 0,05 como significativo; adicionalmente se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: La muestra estuvo caracterizada por una edad promedio de 25 años, con grado de instrucción en la etapa preescolar (26,4%). El peso medio fue de 62 kilos y la talla promedio es de 1,67 metros. El estado nutricional se observó que el 11,2% tienen bajo peso, por otro lado con relación a la anemia, se encontró que un 79,3% de gestantes han tenido anemia severa. El IMC más característico fue el bajo peso (37%) de los cuales presentaron preeclampsia, finalmente con respecto al análisis bivariado se halló que ninguna variable demostró tener una asociación estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: El índice de masa corporal se asocia estadísticamente a la diabetes gestacional; además, la anemia se asocia estadísticamente a la preeclampsia y a la diabetes gestacional. 

Asociación del estado nutricional y las complicaciones gestacionales en mujeres gestantes atendidas en el servicio de gineco-obstetricia de un hospital del departamento de Ica, 2020

Background Pregnancy and birth cohorts addressing maternal nutrition and its impact on health outcomes have been rare in China, especially in Southwest China Objectives To describe the design, implementation, baseline characteristics, and initial results of the Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth in Southwest China (NPGSC) cohort Population Pregnant women with their children in Southwest China Design NPGSC participants have been prospectively recruited since 2014 Pregnant women were invited to participate in the study at their first routine ultrasound examination in gestational weeks 9-11 Data were assessed three times during pregnancy (9-11, 20-22, and 33-35 gestation weeks), and eight times in infants and toddlers Methods Pre-pregnancy body weight and height were self-reported; gestational weight gain was measured at regular intervals Both food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and 24-hour dietary recalls were used to collect dietary intakes during pregnancy, and FFQ for diet before pregnancy Information on pregnancy outcomes was extracted from the medical birth registry Anthropometry of children in the first 3 years of life was measured by trained investigators Other child outcomes, including feeding practices (self-reported by mothers) and cognitive development (assessed by the Chinese version of Ages and Stages Questionnaire), were recorded Preliminary results Between 2014 and 2018, 12 989 pregnant women were enrolled, and 2296 children completed the 3 years follow-up Among them, 115 pregnancies ended in stillbirth Mean maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was 211 kg/m2 and mean gestational weight gain was 135 kg 186% of mothers developed gestational diabetes and 15% of mothers were diagnosed with preeclampsia Mean birthweight and birth length of children were, respectively, 3329 g and 494 cm Conclusion We built a prospective cohort in Southwest China, which can provide valuable data to investigate the relevance of nutrition for the health of mothers and children

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ppe.12704

Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth in Southwest China (NPGSC) cohort: Design, implementation, and characteristics

Objective To determine the association of eating frequency (EF) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with birth body mass of neonates. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 578 healthy pregnant women from April to October 2015. Dietary intake and physical activity data per trimester were collected using a questionnaire. Data in relation to gestational body mass, gestational stage and birth body mass of neonates were obtained from clinical records. Multiple logistic regression models were established to test the impacts of EF and GWG on appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between EF and birth body mass of neonates. Results A final sample of 503 eligible pregnant women (87.02%) was included in data analyses. Higher EF 〔odds ratio (OR)=2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-3.47〕 and snacks (OR=1.84; 95%CI: 1.08-3.15) in the first trimester were associated with increased risk of excessive GWG, after controlling for maternal age, education, average household income, physicalactivity, numbers of pregnancy, numbers of delivery, and dietary intake (protein, fat, carbohydrate). A meal frequency greater (OR=2.83; 95%CI: 1.07-4.58) or less (OR=1.92; 95%CI: 1.08-3.61) than three in the first trimester was also associated with increased risk of large or small for gestational age. Meal frequency in the first trimester was positively correlated with birth body mass of neonates (β=236.17; P<0.01). Conclusion Frequent eating and snacks in the first trimester are associated with increased risks of excessive GWG. Meal frequency in the first trimester is also positively correlated with birth body mass of neonates: three meals per day is a protective factor of AGA.

[Eating Frequency and Gestational Weight Gain and Its Association with Birth Body Mass of Neonates: a Birth Cohort Study].

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Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth in Southwest China (NPGSC) cohort: Design, implementation, and characteristics

[Eating Frequency and Gestational Weight Gain and Its Association with Birth Body Mass of Neonates: a Birth Cohort Study].