circRNA-miRNA-mRNA in breast cancer

Emerging roles of miRNAs in the development of pancreatic cancer.

Rosmarinic inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration via up-regulating miR-506 and suppressing MMP2/16 expression in pancreatic cancer

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated gene(FTO), previously recognized to be related with obesity and diabetes, was gradually discovered to be dysregulated in multiple cancers and plays an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role. However, the specific expression and pro- or anti-cancer role of FTO in various cancers remained controversial. In this review, through summarizing the available literature, we found that FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were closely related with cancer risk. Additionally, the dysregulation of FTO was implicated in multiple biological processes, such as cancer cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, cell-cycle, differentiation, stem cell self-renewal and so on. These modulations mostly relied on the communications between FTO and specific signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, FTO had great potential for clinical application by serving as a prognostic biomarker.

/pdf/the-potential-role-of-n6-methyladenosine-m6a-demethylase-fat-2o38govt0v.pdf

The Potential Role of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Demethylase Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene (FTO) in Human Cancers.

The prevalence of thyroid cancer the most frequent endocrine malignancy, is rapidly increasing. Most of thyroid cancers are relatively indolent, however, some cases still possess a risk of developing into lethal types of thyroid cancer. Regarding its multistep tumorigenesis, the determination of the underlying mechanisms is a vital issue for thyroid cancer therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs with a closed loop structure. Numerous circRNAs have been identified in cancerous tissues. Mounting data recommends that the biological activities of circRNAs, such as serving as microRNA or ceRNAs sponges, interacting with proteins, modulating gene translation and transcription, suggesting that circRNAs will be potential targets as well as agents for the prognosis and diagnosis of diseases, including cancer. Given that circular RNAs acts as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the thyroid cancer. Several studies documented that circular RNAs via microRNA and protein sponges could regulate a sequences of cellular and molecular mechanisms e.g., apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and invasion that are involved in thyroid cancer pathogenesis. Herein, we summarized the role of circular RNAs as therapeutic and diagnostic biomarkers in the thyroid cancer. Moreover, we highlighted the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of various cancers.

Circular RNAs: New players in thyroid cancer

Chondrocyte extracellular matrix‑related circular RNAs (circRNA‑CER) have been demonstrated to be involved in various diseases. However, its role in the development of human breast cancer is not clearly understood. The aims of the present study were to assess circRNA‑CER expression in paired cancer tissue and adjacent non‑tumor tissue from 24 patients with breast cancer, and to explore the roles and mechanisms by which circRNA‑CER mediates the malignant progression of breast cancer cells. The results revealed that circRNA‑CER and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) were upregulated, whereas miR‑136 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent non‑tumor tissues. In vitro silencing of circRNA‑CER using small interfering RNA (siRNA) had inhibitory effects on MCF‑7 breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, and similar results were obtained following overexpression of microRNA (miR)‑136 in MCF‑7 cells by transfection with miR‑136 mimics. The subsequent mechanistic study revealed that the expression levels of MMP13 were significantly lower in MCF‑7 cells following transfection with miR‑136 mimics, and silencing of circRNA‑CER enhanced miR‑136 and decreased MMP13 expression levels. Furthermore, silencing of miR‑136 by transfection with miR‑136 inhibitors resulted in an increase in MCF‑7 cell proliferation and migration. miR‑136 inhibitor‑derived biological effects were reversed by co‑transfection of cells with miR‑136 inhibitors and circRNA‑CER siRNA. Taken together, the present results suggested that circRNA‑CER may serve an important role in the progression of breast cancer by regulating the activity of the miR‑136/MMP13 axis, and may be a potential biomarker for the prediction and treatment of breast cancer.

/pdf/circrna-cer-mediates-malignant-progression-of-breast-cancer-2z2nsq99ih.pdf

circRNA‑CER mediates malignant progression of breast cancer through targeting the miR‑136/MMP13 axis.

Multiple previous studies have demonstrated that the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is implicated in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, a further characterisation of deregulated miRNAs in pancreatic cancer may provide novel insight into the oncogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer, which may facilitate the identification of effective therapeutic targets for treating patients with this disease. In the present study, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the expression level of miRNA‑584‑5p (miR‑584) was significantly decreased in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. It was demonstrated that restoration of miR‑584 expression significantly suppressed the proliferative and invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that cyclin D1 (CCND1) was a putative target of miR‑584. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that CCND1 was a direct target gene of miR‑584 in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of CCND1 mimicked the suppressive effect of miR‑584 overexpression in pancreatic cancer cells. The restoration of CCND1 expression significantly abolished the inhibitory effects of miR‑584 overexpression on pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that miR‑584 inhibited the development of pancreatic cancer by directly targeting CCND1, suggesting that this miRNA may represent a potential therapeutic target for this fatal disease.

/pdf/microrna-584-directly-targets-ccnd1-and-inhibits-cell-56154qqmct.pdf

MicroRNA‑584 directly targets CCND1 and inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in pancreatic cancer.

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circRNA‑CER mediates malignant progression of breast cancer through targeting the miR‑136/MMP13 axis.

MicroRNA‑584 directly targets CCND1 and inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in pancreatic cancer.