Tunable optical response in a hybrid quadratic optomechanical system coupled with single semiconductor quantum well

The interaction of light and matter at the single-photon level is of central importance in various fields of physics, including, e.g., condensed matter physics, astronomy, quantum optics, and quantum information. Amplification of such quantum light–matter interaction can be highly beneficial to, e.g., improve device performance, explore novel phenomena, and understand fundamental physics, and has therefore been a long-standing goal. Furthermore, simulation of light–matter interaction in the regime of ultrastrong coupling, where the interaction strength is comparable to the bare frequencies of the uncoupled systems, has also become a hot research topic, and considerable progress has been made both theoretically and experimentally in the past decade. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction of recent advances in amplification of quantum light–matter interaction and simulation of ultrastrong light–matter interaction, particularly in cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics and in cavity optomechanics. 

Quantum amplification and simulation of strong and ultrastrong coupling of light and matter

We propose a scheme to generate nonreciprocal photon blockade in a stationary whispering gallery microresonator system based on two physical mechanisms. One of the two mechanisms is inspired by recent work [Phys. Rev. Lett.128, 083604 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.083604], where the quantum squeezing caused by parametric interaction not only shifts the optical frequency of propagating mode but also enhances its optomechanical coupling, resulting in a nonreciprocal conventional photon blockade phenomenon. On the other hand, we also give another mechanism to generate stronger nonreciprocity of photon correlation according to the destructive quantum interference. Comparing these two strategies, the required nonlinear strength of parametric interaction in the second one is smaller, and the broadband squeezed vacuum field used to eliminate thermalization noise is no longer needed. All analyses and optimal parameter relations are further verified by numerically simulating the quantum master equation. Our proposed scheme opens a new avenue for achieving the nonreciprocal single photon source without stringent requirements, which may have critical applications in quantum communication, quantum information processing, and topological photonics.

Squeezing-induced nonreciprocal photon blockade in an optomechanical microresonator.

We propose a scheme for the generation of strong mechanical squeezing beyond 3dB in hybrid atom-optomechanical systems in the highly unresolved sideband (HURSB) regime where the decay rate of cavity is much larger than the frequency of the mechanical oscillator. The system is formed by two two-level atomic ensembles and an optomechanical system with cavity driven by two lasers with different amplitudes. In the HURSB regime, the squeezing of the movable mirror can not be larger than 3dB if no atomic ensemble or only one atomic ensemble is put into the optomechanical system. However, if two atomic ensembles are put into the optomechanical system, the strong mechanical squeezing beyond 3dB is achieved even in the HURSB regime. Our scheme paves the way toward the implementation of strong mechanical squeezing beyond 3dB in hybrid atom-optomechanical systems in experiments.

Large mechanical squeezing beyond 3dB of hybrid atom-optomechanical systems in highly unresolved sideband regime

The success of quantum physics in description of various physical interaction phenomena relies primarily on the accuracy of analytical methods used. In quantum mechanics, many of such interactions such as those found in quantum optomechanics and quantum computing have a highly nonlinear nature, which makes their analysis extraordinarily difficult using classical schemes. Typically, modern quantum systems of interest nowadays come with four basic properties: (i) quantumness, (ii) openness, (iii) randomness, and (iv) nonlinearity. The newly introduced method of higher-order operators targets analytical solutions to such systems, and while providing at least mathematically approximate expressions with improved accuracy over the fully linearized schemes, some cases admit exact solutions. Many different applications of this method in quantum and classically nonlinear systems are demonstrated throughout. This review is purposed to provide the reader with ease of access to this recent and well-established operator algebra, while going over a moderate amount of literature review. The reader with basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and quantum noise theory should be able to start using this scheme to his or her own problem of interest.

Operator approach in nonlinear stochastic open quantum physics

We propose a scheme to significantly increase quadratic optomechanical couplings of optomechanical systems with the help of a nonlinear medium and two driving lasers. The nonlinear medium is driven by one laser, and the optical cavity mode is driven by a strong laser. We derive an effective Hamiltonian using squeezing transformation and rotating wave approximation. The effective quadratic optomechanical coupling strength can be larger than the decay rate of the cavity mode by adjusting the two optical driving fields. The thermal noise of squeezed cavity mode can be suppressed totally with the help of a squeezed vacuum field. Then a driving field is applied to the mechanical mode. We investigate the equal-time second-order correlations and find there are photon, phonon, and photon-phonon blockades even when the original single-photon quadratic coupling is much smaller than the decay rate of the optical mode. In addition, the sub-Poissonian window of the two-time second-order correlations can be controlled by the mechanical driving field. Finally, we show the squeezing and entanglement of the model could be tuned by the driving fields of the nonlinear medium and mechanical mode.

Enhancing quadratic optomechanical coupling via a nonlinear medium and lasers

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Enhancing quadratic optomechanical coupling via a nonlinear medium and lasers