Lisanne Bainbridge's 1983 paper, Ironies of Automation, has had considerable influence on human–machine research, prescience in predicting automation-related concerns that have led to incidents and accidents, and relevance to issues that are manifested to this day. Bainbridge's paper displays influences of several researchers, but Rasmussen's work on operator performance in process systems has perhaps been most influential. Unlike those who had earlier considered operator input a unidimensional aspect of system performance to be considered equally with other system elements, Rasmussen viewed operator performance as multidimensional—to be considered, with training and experience, in examining the operator role in system operations. Expanding on his work and applying it to automated systems, Bainbridge described how automation fundamentally altered the role of the human operator in system performance. Requiring the operator to oversee an automated system that could function more accurately and more reliably than he or she could, can affect system performance in the event that operator intervention is needed. The influence of the insights Bainbridge provided on the effects of automation on system performance could be seen in both research on automation and in the recognition of ironies discussed in subsequent automation-related accidents. Its inspiration to researchers, accident investigators, regulators, and managers continues to this day as automation development and its implementation continue unabated.

Ironies of Automation: Still Unresolved After All These Years

The most serious problem for human error estimation is the scarcity of empirical data on human performance for the development and validation of Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) approaches. This issue is strongly evident in manufacturing systems, where the data collection and availability of a meaningful dataset to feed human reliability have severe constraints related to time-resource consuming and accuracy of the collection approach. This paper proposes a beginning taxonomy of human error consequences in order to support data collection in manufacturing systems and to identify experimental human error probability (HEP). This taxonomy is the first step of the methodology for HEP analysis and quantification and for validation of theoretical curves of Simulator for Human Error Probability Analysis (SHERPA) model. A new statistical methodology is able to quantify experimental HEPs, starting from the realistic human error consequences, and to compare them with the SHERPA theoretical human error distributions. This methodology, used for the SHERPA validation, may be useful for assessing current HEP estimation into HRA approaches.

Methodology for the analysis and quantification of human error probability in manufacturing systems

The current study focuses on how the levels of automation and the number of simultaneous functions that complete the task demands affect the human operator performance. The research objective is to assess the effects of different levels of automation of vehicles (teleoperated VS. autonomous) and the complexity of the task on human operator performance. An experiment is realized using the simulation environment “Mixed Initiative Experimental” (MIX) which is designed for research and training with unmanned systems. The MIX platform aims to respond to the need for warfighters support and training in the domain of robotic military equipment and unmanned systems in general. The complexity of the task is simulated by increasing the number of autonomous vehicles that a human operator has to supervise or to teleoperate.

Towards adaptability of levels of automation with Human-machine cooperation approach

http://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/32126/1/Hojjati_Emami_Khashayar_2015_thesis.pdf

Human-centered reliability assessment and condition monitoring in road transportation systems

Les robots sont tres largement utilises dans l’industrie ; une de leurs limites actuelles est celle de la complexite des tâches que l'on souhaite les voir accomplir. Celles-la ne peuvent etre realisees sans un haut pouvoir d’adaptation, autrement dit aujourd’hui sans la performance et la plasticite de la cognition humaine. La cobotique est recemment apparue comme « le domaine » de la collaboration homme-robot. Elle s’affirme comme perspective pour aider l’homme, l’augmenter, dans la realisation de tâches complexes pour l’Industrie du Futur.Pour delimiter notre objet d’etude, nous avons ainsi introduit le concept de « systeme cobotique ». Ce systeme comprend l’homme et le robot, qui interagissent et peuvent avoir differents roles, pour realiser une tâche commune. La conception des systemes cobotiques doit evidemment prendre en compte les technologies emergentes, mais elle doit surtout integrer l’homme, grâce a l’analyse de l’activite, a la formalisation des connaissances, et aux simulations participatives. Pour cela, a l’initiative de Safran Group, cette these d’ingenierie cognitique a ete realisee en binome avec un roboticien egalement doctorant et membre du groupe industriel : David Bitonneau.Ensemble, nous avons propose une approche interdisciplinaire de conception, appelee l’« ingenierie des systemes cobotiques ». Cette approche methodologique, validee a la fois par nos encadrants academiques et industriels, a ete experimentee afin de satisfaire un besoin industriel de la societe Ariane Group : le nettoyage des cuves. Nous avons conduit ce projet, de l’analyse du besoin jusqu’a la realisation d’un prototype qui a ete evalue par les operateurs. L’industrialisation du systeme est en cours de preparation au moment de la redaction de cette these, avec des perspectives de deploiements sur plusieurs sites.Nous prevoyons que les systemes cobotiques tels que nous les avons definis, concus et etudies, seront une des cles de la competitivite de l’Industrie du Futur. Elle pourra s’appuyer sur leur flexibilite et leur connectivite a l’ecosysteme technologique des ateliers 4.0, tout en maintenant la place centrale de l’homme et en considerant celui-la comme acteur premier dans le systeme.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01670146/document

Conception de systèmes cobotiques industriels : approche cognitique : application à la production pyrotechnique au sein d'Ariane Group

/pdf/analysis-and-classification-of-human-error-4lrkzk7daj.pdf

Analysis and classification of human error

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Analysis and classification of human error