A review of aluminum metal matrix composites: fabrication route, reinforcements, microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties

Different levels of Nb 2 O 5 substitution in 0.66(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 −0.06BaTiO 3 −0.28(Bi 0.2 Sr 0.7 )TiO 3 (BS- x Nb) lead-free relaxors were prepared to investigate the effect of chemical heterogeneity on the dielectric and impedance behaviors. X-ray diffraction reveals that the secondary phase gradually increases in number and intensity as the dopant increases. The substitution of less Nb 5+ for Ti 4+ leads to reduced electronic conductivity and dielectric loss, which is attributed to the inhibition of oxygen vacancies and associated electron. It is found that more valence electron defects are generated to cause charge leakage by introducing excess Nb 2 O 5 . Moreover, the addition of Nb 2 O 5 doping enhances the disorder and facilitates the transition of the nonergodic to ergodic relaxor phase. The ferroelectric ergodic long-range order is further disrupted and promotes the formation of local defect fields and high-temperature polar nanoregions. These effects enhance the relaxation behavior with decreased remnant polarization and form a broadly flat dielectric platform. Meanwhile, BS-2Nb exhibits attractively high recoverable energy storage density and efficiency at a relatively low electric field with stability against frequency and temperature. Combined with the complex impedance characteristics, the leakage contribution of the chemical inhomogeneity introduced by excess Nb 2 O 5 is presented, demonstrating the significance of regulating the dielectric performance of bismuth sodium titanate-based relaxors. 

Effect of Chemical Inhomogeneity on the Dielectric and Impedance Behaviors of Bismuth Sodium Titanate Based Relaxors

Bismuth sodium titanate (BNT)-based, lead-free piezoelectric materials have been extensively studied due to their excellent strain characteristics and environmental friendliness. In BNTs, the large strain (S) usually requires a relatively large electric field (E) excitation, resulting in a low inverse piezoelectric coefficient d33* (S/E). Moreover, the hysteresis and fatigue of strain in these materials have also been bottlenecks impeding the applications. The current common regulation method is chemical modification, which mainly focuses on forming a solid solution near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) by adjusting the phase transition temperature of the materials, such as BNT-BaTiO3, BNT-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3, etc., to obtain a large strain. Additionally, the strain regulation based on the defects introduced by the acceptor, donor, or equivalent dopant or the nonstoichiometry has proven effective, but its underlying mechanism is still ambiguous. In this paper, we review the generation of strain and then discuss it from the domain, volume, and boundary effect perspectives to understand the defect dipole behavior. The asymmetric effect caused by the coupling between defect dipole polarization and ferroelectric spontaneous polarization is expounded. Moreover, the defect effect on the conductive and fatigue properties of BNT-based solid solutions is described, which will affect the strain characteristics. The optimization approach is appropriately evaluated while there are still challenges in the full understanding of the defect dipoles and their strain output, in which further efforts are needed to achieve new breakthroughs in atomic-level insight.

/pdf/defect-dipole-behaviors-on-the-strain-performances-of-22w3bfvg.pdf

Defect Dipole Behaviors on the Strain Performances of Bismuth Sodium Titanate-Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics

In recent years, as an important functional material, glass has been widely used in architecture, electronics, optics, and other fields. As an emerging glass processing technology, the glass molding process (GMP) has received widespread attention and research in recent years. In this paper, we study the modeling and analysis of different heat transfer strategies for the energy efficiency of large-sized automotive instrument glass. The heat transfer model of the metal heating plate–conducting plate mold is established, the thermal energy efficiency in the forming process of large automobile glass is analyzed, and the energy efficiency of the mold in the heating stage is compared. The energy consumption per piece generated by the GMP heating device is reduced from 4865.2 to 4668.5 kJ, a reduction of 4.04%. By optimizing the heat flow density, the energy consumption per piece generated by the GMP heating device was reduced from 4865.2 to 4625.5 kJ, a reduction of 4.92%, meeting the sustainable manufacturing requirements.

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/7/1218/pdf?version=1688133324

Study of Heat Transfer Strategy of Metal Heating/Conduction Plates for Energy Efficiency of Large-Sized Automotive Glass Molding Process

The hardness and brittleness of binderless tungsten carbide, make it difficult to fabricate microlens array (MLA) on it. In this paper, an integrated milling-grinding machining method was used to fabricate MLA on binderless tungsten carbide. A model for predicting the relationship between surface roughness and undeformed chip thickness during the integrated milling-grinding process was proposed. Microgroove machining experiments confirmed the relationship between surface roughness and undeformed chip thickness, which showed that the ductile-brittle transition boundary was divided. Based on this, an MLA was fabricated in the ductile mode, and the surface roughness of a single lenslet was approximately 16 nm. This integrated milling-grinding machining method is shown to be available for fabricating MLAs on hard substrates. 

Study of integrated milling-grinding of microlens array on binderless tungsten carbide with diamond grains ball-end tool

Fabrication of chalcogenide microlens arrays by femtosecond laser writing and precision molding

Structure, impedance and conduction mechanisms of tape-casting (Bi0.44Nd0.01Sr0.02Ca0.02)Na0.5TiO2.965 ceramic film

Infrared microlens arrays (IR MLAs) are high-performance optical devices widely used in various applications such as surveillance, medical, industrial and military fields. However, conventional IR MLAs have a single focal plane, which has limitations in capturing targets at different locations. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a method of preparing multi-focal chalcogenide glass (ChG) MLAs using femtosecond laser-assisted chemical etching. The impact of femtosecond laser energy, pulse number and laser focusing position on microlens size, focal length and numerical aperture (NA) were systematically studied. By optimizing the preparation process, multi-focal MLAs with three different focal lengths of −28.3, −25.96, and −21.3 μm were achieved on Ge-As-S glass, which were tested to have good imaging and focusing effects. Moreover, IR MLAs with NA ranging from 0.52 to 1.15 were obtained by adjusting the laser focus positions. Therefore, the preparation method of MLAs proposed in this work has great flexibility and application potential. 

Fabrication of multi-focal chalcogenide glass microlens arrays based on femtosecond laser-assisted chemical etching method

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Papers

Fabrication of chalcogenide microlens arrays by femtosecond laser writing and precision molding

Structure, impedance and conduction mechanisms of tape-casting (Bi0.44Nd0.01Sr0.02Ca0.02)Na0.5TiO2.965 ceramic film

Fabrication of multi-focal chalcogenide glass microlens arrays based on femtosecond laser-assisted chemical etching method