Functional materials by electrospinning of polymers

Hollow micro/nanostructured CeO2 -based materials (HMNCMs) have triggered intensive attention as a result of their unique structural traits, which arise from their hollowness and the fascinating physicochemical properties of CeO2 . This attention has led to widespread applications with improved performance. Herein, a comprehensive overview of methodologies applied for the synthesis of various hollow structures, such as hollow spheres, nanotubes, nanoboxes, and multishelled hollow spheres, is provided. The synthetic strategies toward CeO2 hollow structures are classified into three major categories: 1) well-established template-assisted (hard-, soft-, and in situ template) methods; 2) newly emerging self-template approaches, including selective etching, Ostwald ripening, the Kirkendall effect, galvanic replacement, etc.; 3) bottom-up self-organized formation synthesis (namely, oriented attachment and self-deformation). Their underlying mechanisms are concisely described and discussed in detail, the differences and similarities of which are compared transversely and longitudinally. Niche applications of HMNCMs in a wide range of fields including catalysis, energy conversion and storage, sensors, absorbents, photoluminescence, and biomedicines are reviewed. Finally, an outlook of future opportunities and challenges in the synthesis and application of CeO2 -based hollow structures is also presented.

Hollow Micro/Nanostructured Ceria-Based Materials: Synthetic Strategies and Versatile Applications.

Electrospinning has been recognized as an efficient technique for the fabrication of polymer/ceramic
nanofibers Due to the nano size of the electrospun fibers they exhibit outstanding properties which make
them to be optimal candidates for many important potential applications including solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) SOFCs are high temperature fuel cells which convert fuels directly to electricity through electrochemical reactions SOFCs have higher efficiencies when compared to conventional energy production technologies In recent years, efforts are focused towards increasing the performance of SOFCs and also
decreasing the cost by following different approaches and strategies The performance of a SOFC can be significantly altered by changing the composition and microstructure of the cathode Recently, there has been a growing interest in the fabrication of electrospun nanofibers (cathodes/anodes) for intermediate temperature SOFCs to improve the SOFC performance In this paper,an overview of the research activities in this field is presented along with the challenges and future prospects of electrospinning in SOFCs

Electrospinning in solid oxide fuel cells – A review

The next-generation capacitors have placed higher demands on energy-storage dielectrics, such as high temperature, high frequency and high voltage. Perovskite dielectrics possess various kinds of polar structures, such as ferroelectric domains, polar nano-regions (PNRs), and anti-polar structure as well, which exhibit various responses to external stimulations (temperature, electric field, mechanical loadings). Its design inspires development strategies to improve their energy-storage properties for capacitors involving chemical composition, fabrication process, computer simulation, and even measurement strategies for validation. In this article, we reviewed the recent design strategies and the perovskite dielectrics (covering linear, ferroelectric, relaxor ferroelectric, anti-ferroelectric, even some composite materials, such as glass-ceramics and polymer). This review spans from the atomic to millimeter-scale strategies of property optimization to provide accurate and comprehensive information for researchers in this field. Some novel proposals for overcoming the barriers between materials and properties are presented to accelerate the applications of the next-generation capacitors. Therefore, this review should help to identify the best approach for transferring the new perovskite dielectrics into next-generation capacitor applications. 

Design strategies of perovskite energy-storage dielectrics for next-generation capacitors

Design strategy of high-entropy perovskite energy-storage ceramics: A review

Novel (1-x)NaNbO3-xBi2/3HfO3 based, lead-free compositions with stable antiferroelectric phase and high energy density and switching field

Development of a solid oxide fuel cell anode by impregnating catalytic Ni and Ni-CeO2 nano-particles on 8YSZ fiber structure was carried out in this work. The nano-scale 8YSZ fibers were successfully fabricated by the electrospinning process and were well matched with the 8YSZ electrolyte. The experimental results demonstrated that the Ni/8YSZ anode with nano-8YSZ fibers, which impregnated with 3M nickel nitrate, decreases the polarization resistance and increases the exchange current density. However, the lowest polarization resistance and the highest exchange current density are observed in Ni/8YSZ fibers anode by adding nano-ceria particle from 5 wt.% to 10 wt.%. It is attributed to that the grain growth of Ni particle has been constrained by modifying appropriate amount of ceria particle to reduce the obstruction of diffusion path of fuel gas and to enhance the amount of triple phase boundary (TPB). On the other hand, 8YSZ nano-fibers provide a stabilized porous structure of the anode. Accordingly, nano-CeO2 particle provides storing and releasing of oxygen ion to improve the catalytic performance of nano-Ni modified 8YSZ fiber anode

Fabrication and Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode with Impregnated Catalytic Ni-CeO2 Nano-Particles on 8YSZ Fibers

In this work, the stability of Sr2(FeMo)O6−δ-type perovskites was tailored by the substitution of Mo with Ti. Redox stable Sr2Fe1.4TixMo0.6−xO6−δ (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) perovskites were successfully obtained and evaluated as potential electrode materials for SOFCs. The crystal structure as a function of temperature, microstructure, redox stability, and thermal expansion properties in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres, oxygen content change, and transport properties in air and reducing conditions, as well as chemical stability and compatibility towards typical electrolytes have been systematically studied. All Sr2Fe1.4TixMo0.6−xO6−δ compounds exhibit a regular crystal structure with Pm-3m space group, showing excellent stability in oxidizing and reducing conditions. The increase of Ti-doping content in materials increases the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), oxygen content change, and electrical conductivity in air, while it decreases the conductivity in reducing condition. All three materials are stable and compatible with studied electrolytes. Interestingly, redox stable Sr2Fe1.4Ti0.1Mo0.5O6−δ, possessing 1 μm grain size, low TEC (15.3 × 10−6 K−1), large oxygen content change of 0.72 mol·mol−1 between 30 and 900 °C, satisfactory conductivity of 4.1–7.3 S·cm−1 in 5% H2 at 600–800 °C, and good transport coefficients D and k, could be considered as a potential anode material for SOFCs, and are thus of great interest for further studies.

/pdf/tailoring-the-stability-of-ti-doped-sr2fe1-4tixmo0-6-xo6-d-1fzj46t2.pdf

Tailoring the Stability of Ti-Doped Sr2Fe1.4TixMo0.6−xO6−δ Electrode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Barium titanate (BT)-based ceramics are one of the promising piezoelectric materials for environment-friendly electro-mechanical transformation. However, high performance materials are often sintered at high temperatures, resulting in volatile components and increased energy consumption. Here, 0.82Ba(Ti0.89Sn0.11)O3-(0.18-x)(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-xBiFeO3 (BTS-BCT-xBF) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by microwave sintering (MWS) method, and the structure and properties were emphatically studied, aiming to reveal the regulatory mechanism of MWS on the structure and properties. Compared with conventional solid sintering (CS), the phase structure presents a similar evolution in MWS ceramics as a function of BF, while the more refined grain size and the denser structure are observed in MWS ceramics. The electrical properties (e.g., d33, εr, tan δ, etc.) of MWS ceramics are superior to the CS ceramics owing to the refined grain size and denser microstructure. It is worth noting that the energy storage performance (e.g., energy storage density, energy storage efficiency) significantly outperformed expectations due to the slender hysteresis loop resulting from the smaller grain and high cubic phase. Therefore, the MWS sintering mechanism can further drive practical application of BT-based ceramics.

/pdf/structure-and-electrical-properties-of-microwave-sintered-23tbrg12.pdf

Structure and Electrical Properties of Microwave Sintered BTS-BCT-xBF Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

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Papers

Novel (1-x)NaNbO3-xBi2/3HfO3 based, lead-free compositions with stable antiferroelectric phase and high energy density and switching field

Fabrication and Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode with Impregnated Catalytic Ni-CeO2 Nano-Particles on 8YSZ Fibers

Tailoring the Stability of Ti-Doped Sr2Fe1.4TixMo0.6−xO6−δ Electrode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Structure and Electrical Properties of Microwave Sintered BTS-BCT-xBF Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics