Precipitation processes and structural evolutions of various GPB zones and two types of S phases in a cold-rolled Al-Mg-Cu alloy

It is known that parameters such as deformation together with the temperature and time of aging heat treatment, play critical roles in changing the mechanical properties and the microstructure of AA2024 aluminum alloy. It is shown that a superior level of strength is achievable by applying cold deformation at an appropriate combination of temperature and time. In the present study, the effect of cold deformation on the various properties of artificially aged AA2024 aluminum alloy was assessed. Two cold rolling amounts of 25% and 50% were exerted after solution treatment at 500 °C for 1 h, followed by quenching. The samples were then aged at 180 °C for 2 h, 200 °C for 4 h and 220 °C for 6 h. The microstructure of the samples was examined by Optical microscope, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). The Mechanical properties were assessed by tensile and hardness tests. As well, electrical conductivity measurement was used to evaluate the state of precipitation. Results showed that if cold deformation is properly applied, the mechanical properties of the aged samples increase substantially at 180 °C for 2 h. This condition was recognized as the peak aging condition. In a sense, results showed that applying cold deformation would significantly influence on the aging treatment parameters. The cold rolled samples aged at 180 °C for 2 h showed the highest flow stress, but with slightly reduced elongation. Results also showed that aging at 200 °C and 220 °C reduced the strength to the level below the as cold rolled conditions due to the over aging process. High resolution TEM studies confirmed the aged hardening precipitates of the S′ type. Using HRTEM the early stages of these precipitates (i.e. Guinier–Preston–Bagaryatsky (GPB) zone) were explored. The grown state of the S′ precipitates in the form of S (Al2CuMg) type precipitates was also determined in the overaging conditions using the TEM approach. Finally, as an assessment of mechanical properties was performed, taking into account the three parameters of precipitation hardening, recovery and grain growth.

TEM study of S' hardening precipitates in the cold rolled and aged AA2024 aluminum alloy: influence on the microstructural evolution, tensile properties & electrical conductivity

The softening phenomenon of age-hardening aluminum alloy-welded joints is severe during conventional fusion welding, which increases the likelihood of stress and strain concentration in the joint during the period of service, significantly reduces the mechanical properties compared to the base metal, and represents an obstacle to the exploration of the potential structural performance. This review paper focuses on an overview of the softening phenomenon. Firstly, the welding softening mechanism and the characteristics of age-hardening aluminum alloys are clarified. Secondly, the current main research methods that can effectively improve joint softening are summarized into three categories: low-heat-input welding, externally assisted cooling during welding, and post-weld treatment. The strengthening mechanism and performance change rule of age-hardening aluminum alloy joints are systematically analyzed. Finally, this paper considers the future development trends of further research on joint softening, and it is expected that interest in this topic will increase.

Review of Techniques for Improvement of Softening Behavior of Age-Hardening Aluminum Alloy Welded Joints.

The mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-Cu-Li alloy sheets subjected to cryorolling (−100 °C, −190 °C) or hot rolling (400 °C) and subsequent aging at 160 °C for different times were investigated. The dynamic precipitation and dislocation characterizations were examined via transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The grain morphologies and the fracture-surface morphologies were studied via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Samples subjected to cryorolling followed by aging exhibited relatively high dislocation densities and a large number of precipitates compared with hot-rolled samples. The samples cryorolled at −190 °C and then aged for 15 h presented the highest ultimate tensile strength (586 MPa), while the alloy processed via hot rolling followed by 10 h aging exhibited the highest uniform elongation rate (11.5%). The size of precipitates increased with the aging time, which has significant effects on the interaction mechanism between dislocations and precipitates. Bowing is the main interaction method between the deformation-induced dislocations and coarsened precipitates during tensile tests, leading to the decline of the mechanical properties of the alloy during overaging. These interesting findings can provide significant insights into the development of materials possessing both excellent strength and high ductility.

Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of an Al-Cu-Li alloy subjected to rolling and aging

An effective approach composed of solution treatment, multipass cold rolling and aging was developed to improve the strength and ductility of novel Al-Cu-Mn alloys. This approach increased the yield strength by 214 MPa over that of the conventional peak-aged samples while maintaining a good elongation of 8.7%. The microstructure evolution was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). During postaging, deformed structures underwent a considerable decrease in dislocation density and typical dislocation network structures were formed. At the same time, highly dispersed nanoprecipitates and extensive ultrafine grains and nanograins were generated. These nanoprecipitations enabled effective dislocation pinning and accumulation during tension deformation. Therefore, composite nanostructures containing ultrafine grains, nanograins, dislocation network structures and nanoprecipitates were responsible for the simultaneous increases in strength and ductility. This paper provides a new understanding of designing composite nanostructure materials for achieving high strength and good ductility that is expected to be used for other age-hardenable alloys and steels.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/22/8109/pdf

The Effect of a Composite Nanostructure on the Mechanical Properties of a Novel Al-Cu-Mn Alloy through Multipass Cold Rolling and Aging

Effect of artificial ageing on strength and ductility of an Al-Cu-Mg-Mn alloy subjected to solutionizing and room-temperature rolling

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Effect of artificial ageing on strength and ductility of an Al-Cu-Mg-Mn alloy subjected to solutionizing and room-temperature rolling