/pdf/msmes-sustainable-economic-behavior-for-struggling-poverty-2zcxypw4wb.pdf

MSMEs sustainable economic behavior for struggling poverty: Agency theory vs. bounded rationality theory

Older people are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a profound impact on research as well as clinical service delivery This commentary identifies key challenges and opportunities in continuing to conduct research with and for older people, both during and after the current pandemic It shares opinions from responders to an international survey, a range of academic authors and opinions from specialist societies Priorities in COVID-19 research include its specific presentation in older people, consequences for physical, cognitive and psychological health, treatments and vaccines, rehabilitation, supporting care homes more effectively, the impact of social distancing, lockdown policies and system reconfiguration to provide best health and social care for older people COVID-19 research needs to be inclusive, particularly involving older people living with frailty, cognitive impairment or multimorbidity, and those living in care homes Non-COVID-19 related research for older people remains of critical importance and must not be neglected in the rush to study the pandemic Profound changes are required in the way that we design and deliver research for older people in a world where movement and face-to-face contact are restricted, but we also highlight new opportunities such as the ability to collaborate more widely and to design and deliver research efficiently at scale and speed

/pdf/research-with-older-people-in-a-world-with-covid-19-5gfmg2er3i.pdf

Research with older people in a world with COVID-19: identification of current and future priorities, challenges and opportunities.

Many infectious diseases, including COVID-19, are transmitted by airborne pathogens. There is a need for effective environmental control measures which, ideally, are not reliant on human behaviour. One potential solution is Krypton Chloride (KrCl) excimer lamps (often referred to as Far-UVC), which can efficiently inactivate pathogens, such as coronaviruses and influenza, in air. Research demonstrates that when KrCl lamps are filtered to remove longer-wavelength ultraviolet emissions they do not induce acute reactions in the skin or eyes, nor delayed effects such as skin cancer. While there is laboratory evidence for Far-UVC efficacy, there is limited evidence in full-sized rooms. For the first time, we show that Far-UVC deployed in a room-sized chamber effectively inactivates aerosolised Staphylococcus aureus. At a room ventilation rate of 3 air-changes-per-hour (ACH), with 5 filtered-sources the steady-state pathogen load was reduced by 98.4% providing an additional 184 equivalent air changes (eACH). This reduction was achieved using Far-UVC irradiances consistent with current American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists threshold limit values for skin for a continuous 8-h exposure. Our data indicate that Far-UVC is likely to be more effective against common airborne viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, than bacteria and should thus be an effective and "hands-off" technology to reduce airborne disease transmission. The findings provide room-scale data to support the design and development of effective Far-UVC systems. 

/pdf/far-uvc-222-nm-efficiently-inactivates-an-airborne-pathogen-3q9b9chs.pdf

Far-UVC (222 nm) efficiently inactivates an airborne pathogen in a room-sized chamber

Home-based exercise programmes improve physical fitness of healthy older adults: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis with relevance for COVID-19.

BackgroundIncreases in mental health problems have been observed in some studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear whether changes have been large and experienced by most population sub-groups, persisted over time or been symptom specific. MethodsWe systematically reviewed and meta-analysed longitudinal cohort studies that examined changes in mental health among the same group of participants before and during the pandemic (PROSPERO: CRD42021231256). Searches for published and unpublished studies were conducted in January 2021. Changes in mental health (standardised mean change; SMC) were examined using meta-analyses. FindingsSixty-five studies were included. There was an overall increase in mental health symptoms that was most pronounced during March-April 2020 (SMC = .102 [95% CI: .026 to .192], p = 0.03) before significantly declining over time (May-July SMC = .067 [95% CI: -.022 to .157], p = .141). Compared to measures of anxiety (SMC = 0.13, p = 0.02) and general mental health (SMC = -.03, p = 0.65), increases in depression and mood disorder symptoms tended to be larger (SMC = 0.22, p < .001) and reductions over time appeared less pronounced. Increased mental health symptoms were observed across most population subgroups examined but there was no evidence of any change in symptoms among samples with a pre-existing mental health condition. InterpretationThere was a small increase in mental health symptoms soon after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic that decreased and was comparable to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2020 among most population sub-groups and symptom types. FundingN/A Research in contextO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSThere have been reported increases in mental health problems during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear whether changes in mental health problems have been symptom specific, how changes have differed across populations and whether increased mental health problems have persisted over time. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed longitudinal cohort studies that examined mental health among the same participants prior to and during the pandemic in 2020. This approach allowed us to quantify the mental health burden associated with the outbreak of the pandemic and how it has changed over time. We searched Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and PsychInfo from January 2020 to January 11, 2021 and identified eligible unpublished articles available on pre-print servers. Added value of this studyWe identified 65 eligible articles that reported 201 comparisons of mental health pre vs. post pandemic outbreak. Meta-analysis indicated that longitudinal cohort studies that examined mental health prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 showed a significant but statistically small increase in mental health symptoms. The overall increase in mental health symptoms was most pronounced during the early stages of the pandemic (March-April), before decreasing and being generally comparable to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2020. Compared to anxiety and general measures of mental health functioning, increases tended to be larger in depressive symptoms and although statistically small, remained elevated past the early stages of the pandemic. Increases in mental health symptoms were observed across most population sub-groups, but there was no evidence of a change in mental health symptoms among samples of participants with a pre-existing mental health condition. Implications of all the available evidenceFindings confirm that the initial outbreak of the pandemic was associated with a significant but statistically small increase in mental health symptoms. Given that small effects may have meaningful cumulative consequences at the population level, there is a need for continued mental health provision and monitoring particularly during periods of the pandemic when infection rates and deaths are high. Further into the pandemic, mental health problems decreased significantly, which indicated recovery and resilience in overall mental health. Contrary to predictions made early in the pandemic, there was also no evidence of a worsening of mental health symptoms among samples of participants with a pre-existing mental health condition. Overall the results of the present analyses suggest that the pandemic may not have caused an unprecedented and long lasting mental health crisis, instead there appears to have been resilience in mental health.

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/03/08/2021.03.04.21252921.full.pdf

A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic

The chapter deals with WHO communication during the pandemic. It analysis its ability to communicate, provide current information and respond to disinformation.

World Health Organisation : The challenges of providing global leadership

This edited collection compares and analyses the most prominent political communicative responses to the outbreak and global spread of the COVID-19 strain of coronavirus within 27 nations across five continents and two supranational organisations: the EU and the WHO. The book encompasses the various governments’ communication of the crisis, the role played by opposition and the vibrancy of the information environment within each nation. The chapters analyse the communication drawing on theoretical perspectives drawn from the fields of crisis communication, political communication and political psychology. In doing so the book develops a framework to assess the extent to which state communication followed the key indicators of effective communication encapsulated in the principles of: being first;being right;being credible;expressing empathy;promoting action;and showing respect. The book also examines how communication circulated within the mass and social media environments and what impact differences in spokespersons, messages and the broader context has on the success of implementing measures likely to reduce the spread of the virus. Cumulatively, the authors develop a global analysis of the responses and how these are shaped by their specific contexts and by the flow of information, while offering lessons for future political crisis communication. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers of politics, communication and public relations, specifically on courses and modules relating to current affairs, crisis communication and strategic communication, as well as practitioners working in the field of health crisis communication. © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Darren Lilleker, Ioana A. Coman, Milos Gregor and Edoardo Novelli.

Political communication and COVID-19: Governance and rhetoric in times of crisis

This concluding chapter draws together data from the case study chapters to gain an understanding of the role of political communication during the pandemic and the way strategies were instituted within nations. We find across the phases of the crisis a range of differing strategies but four common themes. Firstly, crises exacerbate the trend towards personalisation. Secondly, the crucial role of the mass media in informing the public, but also the fact that tensions between the political and media spheres remain prevalent. Thirdly, we suggest that social media plays a largely positive role, despite being described as causing an infodemic, it was used far more to bring communities together. Finally, where misinformation prevailed, and tensions over measures became prominent, this was due to severe systemic polarisation existing which prevented messages of unity and calls to rally around the flag being adhered to. Hence political crises and instability create the conditions for the effects of a pandemic to be felt worse;given the parlous state of many of the world’s populations, these factors are likely to exacerbate this or future crises. © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Darren Lilleker, Ioana A. Coman, Milos Gregor and Edoardo Novelli.

Political communication and COVID-19: Governance and rhetoric in global comparative perspective

Introduction: Political communication, governance and rhetoric in times of crisis

Těsně po volbach v roce 2017 obletěl republiku videozaznam
tiskove konference, při ktere Andrej Babis, vitěz voleb, vola
na podium Marka Prchala, sveho muže cislo jedna na komunikaci
na socialnich sitich. Euforický Babis viditelně zaskoceneho
Prchala polibil na celo a veřejně mu tak připsal nemalou cast
kreditu za volebni výsledek (“…a samozřejmě nas největsi guru
[Mara] To je on! Genius socialnich siti!”). Ackoliv Babis
dlouhodobě odmita, že by byl produktem marketingu, toto jeho
gesto může být chapano pravě jako přiznani, že pro uspěch v
politice je třeba odvadět dobrou praci v oblasti marketingu a
komunikace Kniha autorskeho kolektivu z Katedry politologie a
Mezinarodniho politologickeho ustavu FSS MU v předkladane
publikaci nabizi analýzu udalosti, ktere těmto volbam
předchazely a ktere je provazely. Sve ohlednuti autoři zacinaji
připomenutim milniků, ktere v politickem životě byly urcujici v
obdobi 2013-2017. Po teto uvodni rekapitulaci už svoji
pozornost soustředi na volby a s nimi spojene charakteristiky.
Postupně analyzuji samotne volebni výsledky, kandidatni
listiny, a volebni programy. Nezapominaji samozřejmě ani na
volebni kampaně, jimž je věnovana podstatna cast knihy. V
samotnem zavěru kniha nabizi pohled do alternativnich realit a
odpovida na otazku, jak by složeni Poslanecke sněmovny
vypadalo, kdyby byla užit jiný volebni system ci pravidla pro
rozdělovani mandatů.

Volby do Poslanecké sněmovny v roce 2017

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