Statistics for Spatial Data.

Changes of the isotopic composition of water within the water cycle provide a recognizable signature, relating such water to the different phases of the cycle. The isotope fractionations that accompany the evaporation from the ocean and other surface waters and the reverse process of rain formation account for the most notable changes. As a result, meteoric waters are depleted in the heavy isotopic species of H and O relative to ocean waters, whereas waters in evaporative systems such as lakes, plants, and soilwaters are relatively enriched. During the passage through the aquifers, the isotope composition of water is essentially a conservative property at ambient temperatures, but at elevated temperatures, interaction with the rock matrix may perturb the isotope composition. These changes of the isotope composition in atmospheric waters, surface water, soil, and groundwaters, as well as in the biosphere, are applied in the characterization of hydrological system as well as indicators of paleo-climatological conditions in proxy materials in climatic archives, such as ice, lake sediments, or organic materials.

Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the hydrologic cycle

The interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex. To understand these interactions in relation to climate, landform, geology, and biotic factors, a sound hydrogeoecological framework is needed. All these aspects are synthesized and exemplified in this overview. In addition, the mechanisms of interactions between groundwater and surface water (GW–SW) as they affect recharge–discharge processes are comprehensively outlined, and the ecological significance and the human impacts of such interactions are emphasized. Surface-water and groundwater ecosystems are viewed as linked components of a hydrologic continuum leading to related sustainability issues. This overview concludes with a discussion of research needs and challenges facing this evolving field. The biogeochemical processes within the upper few centimeters of sediments beneath nearly all surface-water bodies (hyporheic zone) have a profound effect on the chemistry of the water interchange, and here is where most of the recent research has been focusing. However, to advance conceptual and other modeling of GW–SW systems, a broader perspective of such interactions across and between surface-water bodies is needed, including multidimensional analyses, interface hydraulic characterization and spatial variability, site-to-region regionalization approaches, as well as cross-disciplinary collaborations.

/pdf/interactions-between-groundwater-and-surface-water-the-state-521l9polte.pdf

Interactions between groundwater and surface water: the state of the science

http://www.lerf.esalq.usp.br/divulgacao/recomendados/artigos/brown2005.pdf

A review of paired catchment studies for determining changes in water yield resulting from alterations in vegetation

/pdf/hydrological-functions-of-tropical-forests-not-seeing-the-2hpleaj4on.pdf

Hydrological functions of tropical forests: not seeing the soil for the trees?

1 Institute of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13, A-1040 Vienna, Austria 2 UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, France 3 UNESCO Division of Water Sciences, Paris, France 4 University of Vienna, Austria 5 USDA-ARS-SWRC, Tucson, AZ, USA 6 FIMCM-ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador 7 GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Germany 8 CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, Australia 9 Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia

/pdf/at-what-scales-do-climate-variability-and-land-cover-change-1eeeutp4fw.pdf

At what scales do climate variability and land cover change impact on flooding and low flows

INTRODUCTION The nature of the soil surface is the key factor in deciding how rainfall will infiltrate and move through the soil, i.e. whether water will move downwards or sideways. Surface soil hydraulic properties control the rate of entry (i.e. infiltration) but, if unimpeded vertically, incoming water will move through the regolith as percolation to reach the water table. More commonly, however, there is a reduction in the permeability in the upper soil horizons at various points because of the presence of more impervious soil layers. These deflect water laterally, either at the surface (as infiltration excess (Hortonian) overland flow , HOF (Horton, 1933; 1945)) or subsurface (as subsurface stormflow , SSF , or interflow ) (Chorley, 1978). This SSF can emerge at the surface as return flow and combine with precipitation falling on saturated soils to produce saturation (or saturation-excess ) overland flow, SOF . This is also known as the Dunne mechanism (Dunne and Black, 1970a, b). As highlighted by Bonell and Williams (1989), the soil hydraulic properties of ‘undisturbed’ tropical landscapes tend to be in equilibrium with the prevailing rainfall characteristics (notably short-term rain intensities). Thus in closed tropical forest, HOF is not generally favoured (exceptions will be outlined later) because the dense root mat and the incorporation of soil organic matter in the topmost soil layers encourage very high infiltration rates. Annual erosion rates from closed tropical forests at the headwater catchment scale are thus small in comparison with disturbed landscapes (see Douglas and Guyot; Chappell, Tych et al. , this volume).

Runoff generation in tropical forests

Previous hydrometric studies demonstrated the prevalence of overland flow as a hydrological pathway in the tropical rain forest catchment of South Creek, northeast Queensland The purpose of this study was to consider this information in a mixing analysis with the aim of identifying sources of, and of estimating their contribution to, storm flow during two events in February 1993 K and acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) were used as tracers because they provided the best separation of the potential sources, saturation overland flow, soil water from depths of 03, 06, and 12 m, and hillslope groundwater in a two-dimensional mixing plot It was necessary to distinguish between saturation overland flow, generated at the soil surface and following unchanneled pathways, and overland flow in incised pathways This latter type of overland flow was a mixture of saturation overland flow (event water) with high concentrations of K and a low ANC, soil water (preevent water) with low concentrations of K and a low ANC, and groundwater (preevent water) with low concentrations of K and a high ANC The same sources explained the streamwater chemistry during the two events with strongly differing rainfall and antecedent moisture conditions The contribution of saturation overland flow dominated the storm flow during the first, high-intensity, 178-mm event, while the contribution of soil water reached 50% during peak flow of the second, low-intensity, 44-mm event 5 days later This latter result is remarkably similar to soil water contributions to storm flow in mountainous forested catchments of the southeastern United States In terms of event and preevent water the storm flow hydrograph of the high-intensity event is dominated by event water and that of the low-intensity event by preevent water This study highlights the problems of applying mixing analyses to overland flow-dominated catchments and soil environments with a poorly developed vertical chemical zonation and emphasizes the need for independent hydrometric information for a complete characterization of watershed hydrology and chemistry

/pdf/mixing-model-approaches-to-estimate-storm-flow-sources-in-an-20nnnbiz6m.pdf

Mixing Model Approaches to Estimate Storm Flow Sources in an Overland Flow-Dominated Tropical Rain Forest Catchment

Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics

FORESTS, WATER AND PEOPLE IN THE HUMID TROPICS 2 VOLUME PAPERBACK SET: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE HYDROLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR INTEGRATED LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT (PAPERBACK) To read Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics 2 Volume Paperback Set: Past, Present and Future Hydrological Research for Integrated Land and Water Management (Paperback) PDF, remember to refer to the web link listed below and download the document or gain access to additional information that are have conjunction with Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics 2 Volume Paperback Set: Past, Present and Future Hydrological Research for Integrated Land and Water Management (Paperback) book.

Forest, Water and people in the Humid Tropics

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Mike Bonell

Author Tools

Chat about Author