River rehabilitation for the delivery of multiple ecosystem services at the river network scale.

xiii Abbreviations xv CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Governing Sustainable Water Management 3 1.1.1. Integrated, Ecosystem-based Water Management 3 1.1.2. Implementing an Integrated, Ecosystem-based Approach 6 1.2. Adaptive Governance and Water Management 8 1.2.1. Adaptive Management: Managing Complexity in Ecological Systems .....9 1.2.2. Governance: a Multi-Level Perspective of Social Systems 10 1.2.3. The Adaptability of Governance Systems 12 1.2.4. Adaptive Water Governance: an Emerging Field of Enquiry 16 1.3. Research Objectives and Approach 19 1.3.1. Objectives 19 1.3.2. Integrated Flood and Rural Land Management in Scotland 20 1.3.3. Research Approach 25 1.4. Structure of the Thesis 28 CHAPTER 2 THE EMERGENCE OF INTEGRATED FLOOD AND RURAL LAND MANAGEMENT IN NATIONAL FLOOD POLICY 31 2.

Adaptive water governance: flood management and the policy process in Scotland

Scotland’s Changing Landscape

Geomorphological features and processes contribute significantly to the geodiversity and geoheritage of Scotland. Key sites identified through the Geological Conservation Review are mostly protected as Sites of Special Scientific Interest. These sites represent the variety of geological, glacial, periglacial, fluvial, coastal, mass-movement and karst features that distinguish the Scottish landscape. Scotland’s geodiversity and geoheritage have additional value for educational, aesthetic, cultural and ecological reasons and in the delivery of ecosystem services. Greater recognition of these values is fundamental to more holistic approaches to nature conservation, the development of nature-based solutions to societal challenges and connecting people and nature.

Scotland’s Geomorphological Heritage and Its Conservation

Internationally, a wide set of measures are being considered to reduce flood risk: natural flood management (NFM) is one of them. NFM includes a broad range of measures that alter, restore or use landscape features to manage flood risk. By working with catchment-wide hydrological and morphological processes, NFM aims to manage the sources and pathways of floodwaters. NFM can nevertheless conflict with other land uses, in particular agricultural food production. Our research aimed to explore farmers' perceptions of NFM and identify the criteria influencing decision making in implementation. Using findings from a workshop, qualitative interviews and a national survey carried out in Scotland, this paper identifies six key criteria that farmers consider when implementing NFM: economics, availability of advice and support, public perception, joined-up policy, catchment planning and traditions. While a number of these criteria are consistent with the agri-environment literature and other flood management studies, our study makes some novel findings regarding farmer perceptions and how NFM affects the farm business. We conclude that NFM installation could be encouraged through one-to-one advice from a trusted facilitator and long-term financial incentives that compliment other farm payments. This should be combined with a catchment approach to flooding, which highlights shared responsibility for reducing flood risk.

Natural flood management from the farmer's perspective: criteria that affect uptake

Integrated catchment management: from rhetoric to reality in a Scottish HELP basin

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Integrated catchment management: from rhetoric to reality in a Scottish HELP basin