Modeling Foraging Ranges and Spatial Organization of Late Pleistocene Hunter gatherers in the Southern Levant - A Least-Cost GIS Approach

We thank those whose interest in the Levantine Epipalaeolithic has led them to comment on our research. Such public discussion of differing interpretations is vital to understanding the past. In this article, we briefly respond to some of the points raised by those writing in this issue (G.A. Clark, N. Goring-Morris, D.O. Henry and J.L. Phillips) and in a previous issue (Fellner 1995; Kaufman 1995) of ANTIQUITY.

Phantom cultures of the Levantine Epipaleolithic

Aucune collection archeologique n?est semblable a une autre. Des lors, un probleme majeur auquel les archeologues sont constamment confrontes demeure l?identification de collections plus ou moins semblables. Une fois regroupees, elles sont designees sous les termes d?« industries », de « traditions » ou encore de « techno-complexes ». Ces groupes d?objets sont compares a d?autres groupes, definis chacun selon differentes caracteristiques morphologiques. Une des difficultes principale reste de decider quand un ensemble d?objets est suffisamment different d?un autre pour justifier la creation d?une nouvelle designation. Le debat entre splitters (« separateurs ») et lumpers (« regroupeurs ») ne cesse de diviser les archeologues. Ainsi, pour l?Epipaleolithique du Levant, les differences entre ensembles d?objets archeologiques paraissent aujourd?hui exagerees ; comme en attestent les 18 industries lithiques definies a l?interieur d?une zone geographique somme toute restreinte et pour une periode relativement courte (environ 12 000 ans).

Cet article porte sur trois de ces industries epipaleolithiques : le Madamaghien, le Qalkhien et le Nebekien. Notre propos est de demontrer que ces trois industries ne sont pas en realite des entites distinctes. Cette confusion resulte d?une identification inexacte des differents types de microlithes ainsi que de la definition erronee du site de Wadi Madamagh en tant qu?« assemblage type » du Madamaghien. De nombreux sites definis aujourd?hui comme appartenant a ces trois industries devraient en fait etre consideres relevant du Nebekien.

Issues in the Levantine Epipaleolithic: The Madamaghan, Nebekian and Qalkhan (Levant Epipaleolithic).

This study explores the way in which our picture of the Levantine Epipalaeolithic has been created, investigating the constructs that take us from found objects to coherent narrative about the world. Drawing on the treatment of chipped stone, the fundamental raw material of prehistoric narratives, it examines the use of figurative devices - of metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche - to make the connection between the world and the words we need to describe it. The work of three researchers is explored in a case study of the Middle Epipalaeolithic with the aim of showing how different research goals and methodologies have created characteristics for the period that are so entrenched in discourse as to have become virtually invisible.Yet the definition of distinct cultures with long-lasting traditions, the identification of two separate ethnic trajectories linked to separate environmental zones, and the analysis of climate as the key driver of change all rest on analytical manoeuvres to transform objects into data.

Constructing Prehistory: Lithic Analysis in the Levantine Epipalaeolithic

As information from survey and excavation projects in the southern Levant accumulates, the archaeological map of the Early Epipaleolithic becomes a more complex mosaic of regional entities. Ground stone is one aspect of material culture that can be used to examine important aspects of site variability. Here, ethnographic examples are used to generate a series of expectations for plant processing tools. Applying these expectations to Early Epipaleolithic ground stone assemblages reveals several broad regional patterns, including one which is described as ‘flexible’ both in terms of mobility strategies and resource processing range.

Early Epipaleolithic Settlement Patterns: Insights from the Study of Ground Stone Tools from the Southern Levant

Le sondage effectue en 1984 dans l'abri sous roche effondre de Yutil al-Hasa avait livre des assemblages du Paleolithique superieur final de tradition ahmarienne. De nouveaux sondages en 1993 ont permis de reconnaitre des depots du Madamaghien et du Natoufien ancien. L'occupation du site ne fui pas continue au cours des 8 000 ans que couvrent approximativement ces deux phases. Pourtant, l'abri occupait alors une situation privilegiee dans la region, ce qui a permis de faire des observations sur les strategies ď utilisation de l'espace. Cette region comprenait pendant le Pleistocene final des zones favorables (dans ce cas un lac/marecage) dans un passage essentiellement desertique. ; Mots cles : Jordanie, Yutil el-Hasa. paleolithique superieur, epipaleolithique.

The 1993 Excavations at Yutil al-Hasa (WHS 784), an Upper/Epipaleolithic Site in West-Central Jordan

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The 1993 Excavations at Yutil al-Hasa (WHS 784), an Upper/Epipaleolithic Site in West-Central Jordan