Removal of non-CO2 greenhouse gases by large-scale atmospheric solar photocatalysis

The application of photocatalysts in concrete technology is by now a well-established concept. However, despite the great opportunities for air quality improvements to be derived from the considerable concrete surfaces exposed to the atmosphere, particularly in cities where air quality is greatly affected by vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions, photocatalytic concretes are still not in mainstream application. With current levels of NOx pollution considerably exceeding EU legislative guidelines in urban centres throughout the industrialised world, it is important to consider what the issues are. The likely barriers to more widespread implementation are likely to include cost effectiveness, which needs to be related to photocatalyst impact, but the challenges in measuring impact on air quality directly are complex. This paper seeks to place photocatalytic efficiencies into context, comparing performances of the conventional photocatalyst dispersion in surface mortar coatings with that of photocatalysts supported on surface exposed aggregates. The nature and impact of catalyst binding to the aggregate is also discussed.

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/771276.pdf

Photocatalyst efficiencies in concrete technology: the effect of photocatalyst placement

This study focuses on understanding the mechanisms for optimization of the photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production over TiO2 (Aeroxide P25). Via precise control of the reaction parameters (pH, temperature, catalyst amount, oxygen content, sacrificial electron donor, and light intensity), it is possible to tune either the apparent quantum yield or the production rate. As a result of the optimization, apparent quantum yields of up to 19.8% and production rates of up to 83 μM min–1 were obtained. We also observed a light-dependent change of the reaction order and an interdependency of the light intensity and catalyst amount, and we developed a well-fitting kinetic model for it, which might also be applied to other reactions. Furthermore, a previously unreported inactivation of the photocatalyst in the case of water oxidation is described.

Modeling and Optimization of the Photocatalytic Reduction of Molecular Oxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide over Titanium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide photocatalysis offers an excellent way to oxidise NOx to nitrate and thus reduce air pollution. However, unmodified titanium dioxide also releases a significant amount of the toxic intermediate nitrogen dioxide in the process, a problem that is rarely discussed in previous literature. Herein, we highlight this issue by presenting systematic data on the activity and selectivity of a number of commercial titania powders. The photocatalytic performance of a previously developed W/N-codoped titanium dioxide is also reported which, for the first time, offers a way to eliminate this problem as it exhibits an exceptionally high selectivity towards nitrate. The selectivity appears to be solely dependent on the tungsten content, a concentration of 4.8 at.% is sufficient to induce a very high selectivity. Furthermore, the high selectivity could also be replicated by a W/N-codoped sample derived from the industrial sulphate synthetic process. The increased selectivity comes at the expense of absolute activity, which is lower than in the reference titania samples. This raises the question of how to properly evaluate NOx abatement photocatalysts when there are two factors to consider, activity and selectivity. To resolve this, we propose to define a new figure of merit for the evaluation of NOx abatement photocatalysts by distilling total NOx removal and selectivity into one value, the DeNOx index. It is derived by assigning a toxicity value to both NO and NO2 and then expressing the change in total toxicity rather than the concentration change of the individual nitrogen oxides.

Photocatalytic NOx abatement: Why the selectivity matters

Photocatalytic concretes - the interface between photocatalysis and cement chemistry

Field study of air purifying paving elements containing TiO2

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jz402704n

Efficiency of Solar-Light-Driven TiO2 Photocatalysis at Different Latitudes and Seasons. Where and When Does TiO2 Really Work?

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Field study of air purifying paving elements containing TiO2

Efficiency of Solar-Light-Driven TiO2 Photocatalysis at Different Latitudes and Seasons. Where and When Does TiO2 Really Work?