Jennifer Hubbard, a history professor at Ryerson University, provides an excellent synthesis of the Canadian Fisheries Expedition, including the influence of the Norwegian expedition leader (Johan Hjort) on the development within Canada and the United States of America of an ecological and oceanographic approach to fisheries issues (Hubbard, 2014). Vera Schwach (at the Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education in Oslo, Norway), in the same volume, also provides a synthesis of Hjort’s brilliance as a scientist and leader (Schwach 2014). The report on the expedition, which was published by the Department of the Naval Service, Ottawa, is still a great read (Hjort 1919). Due to the fortunate timing of this two year study a century ago, the approach to addressing the fisheries issues of the day could be considered revolutionary. The expedition followed closely Hjort’s synthesis (published in 1914) of the Migration Committee work carried out under the guidance of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). The mandate of the committee, which was established at the initiation of ICES in 1902, was to solve the reasons for the decadal scale fluctuations in the landings of the Great Fisheries of Northern Europe, in particular those for cod and herring. In the 18th and 19th century during the good years for fishing (with abundant landings), the economies of Northern Europe were robust, whereas during the poor years society at large suffered. The issue being addressed by ICES was high profile within several northern European countries adjacent to the North Sea and the North Atlantic waters, and thus the stakes for the continuation of ICES beyond the first few years of initial funding were high. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (2017) Volume 49, Part 1, pp. 23-26

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The centenary of the Canadian Fisheries Expedition (1914/15): an important milestone in the history of North American marine research

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The centenary of the Canadian Fisheries Expedition (1914/15): an important milestone in the history of North American marine research